PICO Worksheet |
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What is the PICO question? In individuals with atherosclerosis, does patient education, compared to no patient education, reduce the rate of progression of the disease? Define each element of the question below: P- Individuals with atherosclerosis I- Patient education C- No education O- Reduction in the rate of progression of the disease |
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What is the practice issue/problem? Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. It has been attributed to poor lifestyle choices, such as the consumption of high levels of cholesterol. Correspondingly, there is a need to contain the progression of the disease in the general population in order to improve patient outcomes in the treatment of the disease. |
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What is the practice area? ___ Clinical __X_ Education |
___ Administration ___ Other |
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How was the practice issue identified? (check all that apply) ___ Safety/risk management concerns _X__ Unsatisfactory patient outcomes ___ Wide variations in practice ___ Significant financial concerns |
___ Difference between hospital and community practice __X_ Clinical practice issue is a concern ___ Procedure or process is a time waster ___ Clinical practice issue has no scientific base ___ Other: |
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What evidence must be gathered? (check all that apply) |
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_X__ Literature search ___ Guidelines ___ Expert Opinion ___ Patient Preferences |
___ Clinical Expertise ___ Financial Analysis ___ Standards (Regulatory, professional, community) ___ Other |
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Search terms: atherosclerosis and patient education |
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Databases to search: Proquest, NCBI, and Ebcohost |
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Search Strategies: Use the aforementioned search terms to find relevant peer-reviewed articles in the databases identified above. |
Evidence Appraisal Worksheet |
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PICO Question: In individuals with atherosclerosis, does patient education, compared to no patient education, reduce the rate of progression of the disease? |
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APA Reference for Article Give the APA-formatted reference for the article. |
Type of Source *Research: Peer-reviewed article *Non-research systematic review, clinical practice guidelines, organizational experience, or expert opinion/case study/literature review |
Strength of Research Discuss the strength of the sources. Report if evidence is High, Good, or Low/Major Flaw. Use the tools on page 238-244 of your text and discuss the reasons why you have assigned a particular level of quality. |
Brief Description of Research Address the questions. *How does the information in the article apply to the project problem or proposed intervention? *Summarize in your own words. * Include results of the study and how these results are applicable to your project. * What is the recommendation of the source for clinical practice? |
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1 |
Shah, P., Bajaj B., Virk, H., Bikkina, M., & Shamoon, F. (2015). Rapid progression of coronary atherosclerosis: A review. Thrombosis, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/634983 |
Research: Peer-reviewed article. |
The strength of this resource is high due to the fact that it provides evidence of the current high rates of progression of atherosclerosis and the need to address the matter. |
This study establishes that some of the risk factors for the rapid progression of atherosclerosis in the general population are the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and genetic mutations among others (Shah et al., 2015). Essentially, patient education can allow individuals to identify and avoid these factors in order to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis. |
2 |
Stokes, P., & Urquhart, C. (2011). Profiling information behaviour of nursing students: Part 1: Quantitative findings. Journal of Documentation, 67(6), 908-932. |
Research: Peer-reviewed article. |
The strength of this resource is high due to the fact that it demonstrates the usefulness of patient education in the improvement of patient education in nursing. |
Notably, this journal article supports Virginia Henderson’s needs theory, which holds nurses responsible for ensuring patient education in order to yield desirable care outcomes (Stokes & Urquhart, 2011). This resource evaluates other prevailing studies that support the same claim. |
3 |
Aaron, C. P., Chervona, Y., Kawut, S. M., Diez Roux, A.,V., Shen, M., Bluemke, D. A., . . . R, G. B. (2016). Particulate matter exposure and cardiopulmonary differences in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Environmental Health Perspectives (Online), 124(8), 1166. |
Research: Peer-reviewed article |
The strength of this source is good due to the fact that it demonstrates the various ways in which people can unknowingly develop atherosclerosis through exposure to particulate matter in the environment. Essentially, this suggests the need for education to mitigate the problem. Nevertheless, this study does not evaluate the need for patient education directly, making it only a good resource. |
According to the article, prolonged exposure to particulate matter leads to the increase in the mass of the right ventricle, which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis (Aaron et al., 2016). It also informs that patients need to be aware of harmful particulate matter in their environment in order to keep cardiovascular disease at bay. |
4 |
Tilley, L. (2015). Theory and practice in the bioarchaeology of care. Cham: Springer. |
Non-research: Literature review |
The strength of this resource is high due to the fact that it endorses the need theory by Virginia Henderson, which in turn supports patient education as a viable method for fostering patients’ independence and improving patient outcomes. |
This resource establishes patient education as a perfect medium for reducing the progression of various diseases and improving the outcomes of care. In such a manner, it is applicable to the research question as it suggests that patient education could be essential to mitigating atherosclerosis. According to the need theory, the nurse’s role is to assist the patient to acquire the knowledge or will that he/she requires to maintain health during post treatment (Tilley, 2015). |
References
Aaron,C. P., Chervona, Y., Kawut, S. M., Diez Roux, A.,V., Shen, M.,Bluemke, D. A., . . . R, G. B. (2016). Particulate matter exposureand cardiopulmonary differences in the multi-ethnic study ofatherosclerosis. EnvironmentalHealth Perspectives (Online), 124(8),1166.
Shah,P., Bajaj B., Virk, H., Bikkina, M., & Shamoon, F. (2015). Rapidprogression of coronary atherosclerosis: A review. Thrombosis,2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/634983
Stokes,P., & Urquhart, C. (2011). Profiling information behaviour ofnursing students: Part 1: Quantitative findings. Journalof Documentation, 67(6),908-932.
Tilley,L. (2015). Theoryand practice in the bioarchaeology of care.Cham: Springer.