Day: April 5, 2020

Improvementof Patient Safety

Improvementof Patient Safety

Abstract

Quality improvement is an issue of fundamental significance in thehealthcare set up. However, hospitals have been unable to attain suchgoals for lack of appropriate frameworks efficiently. The healthsystems have not fully taken advantage of existing mechanisms toachieve the best patient outcomes. It is essential for institutionsto make use of the mechanisms in place to ensure that they achievethe best results. Patient safety remains to be of criticalsignificance in any healthcare set up. The paper will evaluate thequality and safe care as the fundamental quality improvementinitiative that health systems must attain to achieve.

Keywords:quality, safety, healthcare systems

Healthcare organizations have the mandate to ensure that they providethe best care to the patients. However, in the process of doing so,measures should be adopted that aim at ensuring that the kind of careprovided to the patients stands out and does not harm them. Theadoption of the quality improvement initiative will be instrumentalin resulting in the provision of the best care to the patient. Theeffect of such an approach is an improved patient outcome. Theability of healthcare professionals to guarantee safe patient care isdependent upon the adoption of particular strategies. The paper willfocus on the application of aspects such as the Malcolm BaldrigeNational Quality Award and Technology in the achievement of safepatient care provision.

Role of Technology in Provision of Quality and Safe Care toPatients

Technology continues to play a fundamental role when it comes to theachievement of the best patient outcomes. The increase intechnological advancements serves as an advantage especially to thehealthcare providers since it enhances the manner in which care isprovided to such patients. The significance of technology inhealthcare can be discussed at various levels.

Adoption of aCentralized Patient Database in the Country

Patients who present to the hospital have data regarding theiroverall condition in the hospital. Technology has made it possible toachieve the integration of systems such that the entire informationabout a particular patient is stored in a database. Through the same,it has become possible to retrieve data in a prompt manner beforeinitialization of care provision. The ability to access the patientdata through a centralized database makes it possible to guaranteequality and safe care since the possibility of errors being committedin the provision of care is significantly reduced. Unlike the casewas in the olden days when data had to be stored in the form of astack of papers, the use of technology has made it possible for thehealthcare practitioners to access the information in a matter ofseconds and initiate the process of care provision. The chances of aparticular practitioner committing an error are limited since data isstored in an electronic form. Because of the same, the adoption of acentralized database would be instrumental in improving the overallmanner in which care is provided to the patients. Accessibility toinformation is enhanced, and medics do not have to grapple with theidea of spending an enormous amount of time in accessing the data.The centralization of a database is essential for the achievement ofthe best care to the patients.

DigitalResearch

The successful provision of safe care to the patients significantlydepends on the availability of information about a particularpatient’s ailment. The internet has established itself as a vitaltool for research and is essential in the provision of quality caresince it provides the information related to various ailmentsaffecting patients. It enhances the entire process ofdecision-making which is essential in care provision (Jadad, Haynes,Hunt, &amp Browman, 2000). Notably, healthcare professionals benefitfrom the fact that they can understand the pathogenesis of aparticular disease a patient suffers from. Through the same, it hasbeen possible for the medics to ensure that the care provided to thepatients is indeed the right one and in line with the recognizedstandards as stated by the World Health Organization. The goal of anyhealthcare professional is to achieve the best patient outcomes.However, in doing so, the focus should be on ensuring that the careprovided is safe and will not subject the patient to furtherdetrimental conditions. It is out of the reasoning that the adoptionof the internet as a source of information in provision of care hasbecome prevalent. Quality improvement in the delivery of care ismandatory for the benefit of not only the patient but the doctor aswell. Therefore, the prime objective in the use of the internet is toensure that the patients are guaranteed safe care to their benefit.

Initially, medics used to rely on books published so many years agoto help them in the provision of care. However, through the internet,it has been possible to access medical information promptly. Throughthe same, the patients are guaranteed of access to safe care.Further, the internet has the advantage of having updatedinformation. Initially, the use of books was prevalent but to theextent that it could provide information that was relevant at thetime. However, as time passed by, the information contained in theparticular book became irrelevant and in some cases obsolete. Underthe circumstances, the provision of care to patients wassignificantly affected especially if the medic got access to obsoleteinformation. The safety of the patient was at stake because of thewrong information available in the books. Further, the informationprovided in the book was relevant to some of the diseases at thetime. As time passed by, numerous diseases have come up, anddifferent patients have found themselves suffering from conditionsthat are unique. Because of the same, the information provided in thebook became irrelevant hence the need to have a reliable source ofinformation. The internet has the benefit that it has manycontributors of the information enhancing the process ofdecision-making (Liberatore, &amp Nydick, 2008). For example, if apatient suffers from a particular disease such as osteoarthritis,there is a bulk of information regarding the disease. Differentauthors may have done research about the disease in various fieldsincluding the best treatment approaches and how best to manage thesame. The healthcare providers will have the benefit of comparing theinformation before deciding on which one to use in the provision ofcare to the patient through adoption of the health informationtechnologies (Lluch, 2011). Further, the update indicates what theaccepted form of treatment is. Healthcare providers will benefit fromthe fact that they can evaluate the information and use the same toprovide care through consultation of a comprehensive internet source.Under the circumstances, there is a high chance that the patientswill be guaranteed safe care through application of a variety ofsources. It is vital to acknowledge the fact that with the increasein technology, sources of medical information have become easilyavailable. There are numerous medical journals with information onvarious diseases. The healthcare professionals will be in a betterposition to execute the tasks assigned to them through evaluation ofthe different sources that are at their disposal. The ability to usethe internet in the provision of care can guarantee safe treatment ofthe patients. The effect is the realization of the best patientoutcomes.

EffectiveCommunication in the Hospitals

The ability to provide safe care to the patient is highly dependenton the existence of reliable channels of effective communication.Doctors, nurses and the support staff in the hospitals need to workin close coordination for the sake of realization of the best patientoutcomes. However, they can only do so through the appropriatecommunication methods. The physical environment in the hospital ishectic and sometimes may be strenuous. Because of the same, theprovision of care to the patients may be affected especially if thereis a communication breakdown. The quality of care provided to thepatients will be significantly affected by information that could beessential to the provision of care is impaired. Because of the same,it becomes mandatory to have an appropriate channel of communicationthat would result in the attainment of the best patient outcomes.

Role ofCommunication in Healthcare

Communication is essential because it determines the flow ofinformation in a healthcare set up. Particularly, it is vital toacknowledge the fact that through communication, doctors can giveinstructions to nurses on what is supposed to be done and in whatway. If the nurses miss the information, they may end up making amistake, which in some instance could be deadly. Cases have beenreported where physician error has resulted in the death of patients.Evidently, the ability of the patients to get safe and quality caredepends on the effectiveness of communication. The role ofcommunication in healthcare setups is fundamental to the provision ofthe best and reliable care. If a communication breakdown isencountered, the worst case scenario is the death of the patients.That would be a reflection of impairment of quality and safe careprovision.

CurrentStructures Available of Communication

Various systems exist for the enhancement of communication. Thecentralized and non-centralized systems are vital for the passage ofinformation between different individuals in the hospitals.Regardless of the method adopted for communication, there is need toensure the smoothness of the entire process as a way of guaranteeingthe patients safe care. Centralized communication is up-down andentails the passage of information from the seniors to the juniorstaff. It could be in the form of provision of instructions on aparticular issue related to the provision of care. It is vital thatthe transmission of information through this channel is useful.Through the same, it would be possible to get the best care. The sameapproach applies to a non-centralized form of communication.Regardless of the approach, it is vital to ensure that informationrelayed that would affect the provision of care is not impaired.Communication is an essential tool in enhancing quality improvementfor the patients.

Decision-makingProcess of the Healthcare Institutions

Systems must be enacted that seek to guarantee effectiveness in theentire process of decision-making. The healthcare setups are definedby the need to continually ensure that decisions are made that wouldaffect the provision of care to the patients. Healthcare providershave the mandate to make sure that whatever decision is made, thequality of care provided to the patients is not jeopardized. A wrongdecision made would mean that the safety of the patient is put atrisk. Because of the same, it is vital that effective decision-makingstructures are enacted in the hospitals that would guarantee theprovision of care to the patients. Through the same, it would bepossible to guarantee the delivery of quality and safe care to thepatient resulting in the achievement of the best patient outcomes.

TheMalcolm Baldrige Award

The award plays a fundamental role when it comes to the attainment ofthe best patient outcomes. Notably, it is vital to acknowledge thefact that the award is provided as a recognition of excellentperformance and innovation. The primary focus is on leaders to ensurethat they exhibit significant efforts to make sure that there areperformance and competitiveness in the field that one is engaging in.The Malcolm Baldrige Award has been identified as playing afundamental role in organizations for the role it plays in ensuringdedication towards the achievement of quality standards ofoperations. The award can equally be adopted for the healthcareorganizations that aim at ensuring they achieve quality care to thepatients. The goal of any given medical institution is to see to itthat there is quality in how operations are conducted. The executionof activities through the adoption of quality standards reflects thetype of care that the patients get.

2015–2016Baldrige Excellence Frameworks and Criteria

The healthcare system has adopted the 2015–2016 Baldrige ExcellenceFrameworks and Criteria as a way of helping organizations in theachievement of the identified goals and objectives. The criteria areparticularly effective when it comes to the need to focus on theprovision of quality and safe care to the patients. Through theapplication of safe standards of care, patients will be able tobenefit from the best patient outcomes while at the same timeenabling the hospital to achieve excellent results as relates toexecution of their services. The effective application of thecriteria will put the hospital in a better position to guaranteequality and safe care to the patients based on the fact that careproviders will be focused on the realization of the best outcomes.For example, the hospital could decide to set a goal aimed atensuring that they reduce patient deaths at a particular advantagesay 30% through the provision of quality and safe care. The decisionto set such a goal would be instrumental in enabling the organizationwork toward a clear goal that in the long run would be translated inthe best patient outcomes.

The framework is essential since it allows the entire healthcaresystem to focus on a given goal that is achievable. It will be anopportunity for the hospital to enact measures that are aimed at therealization of the identified goals. The benefit of the criteria isthat it outlines ways through which the established goals will beachieved (Baldrige Performance Excellence Program, 2016). Thehealthcare providers will be in a better position to understand whatis expected of them and use the criteria outlined by the BaldrigePerformance Excellence Program to work toward the reduction of theoverall patient deaths. The benefit of the program is that it isholistic and looks at all the areas affecting the hospitaloperations. It is mandatory to appreciate the fact that the programlays a foundation for the healthcare providers to commit toward theachievement of a given goal. Further, there is the benefit of aspectssuch as the possible challenges likely to be faced by the hospitalbeing taken into consideration. Therefore, as the hospital strives toattain the identified goals and objectives, such factors are equallyconsidered. However, in doing so, the medical practitioners do notforget the ultimate goal which is the reduction of deaths in thehospital by the set percentage through the provision of quality andsafe care.

Descriptionof Health Care Criteria Category

The Baldrige Performance Excellence Program has established sevencriteria that are used in the achievement of the best patientoutcomes. The criteria can be applied to ensure that the patientsattain quality and safe care in the course of treatment. Notably,areas such as leadership, strategies, workforce, results, measurementanalysis and knowledge management and customers have been identifiedas the essential categories in healthcare. Notably, leadership looksat the manner in which the managers execute the responsibilitiesbestowed on them to help in the attainment of the best patientoutcomes. If the hospitals decide that the goal is to achieve safecare for the patients, it is up to the managers to work through theestablished frameworks to assist in the achievement of such goals.

The strategy looks at the measures put in place to enable theachievement of such goals. For example, it could be beneficial to laythe framework on what can be done to ensure the implementation of theidentified goals. However, it is up to the leaders to make sure thatthe formulated plans are achieved despite the presence of potentialchallenges.

Next is the aspect of customers and the role they play in enablingthe organization to attain its objectives. Notably, feedback providedby the clients is essential in the provision of care (Ryan et al.,2001). The customers enable the organization to understand theparticular tastes and preferences. For example, customers coulddecide that they would love to be treated in a given manner. Therequirements of the patients will serve as the basis for delivery ofcare. Measurement analysis and knowledge evaluate the role ofmonetary and the financial data that can be used to enhance care. Theapproach can be adopted to ensure that safe care is provided to thepatients.

The operations evaluate aspects such as processes needed in thedelivery of care to the patients. They are of fundamentalsignificance since it determines what needs to be done to help in theachievement of the best care to the patient. Finally, the workforcecriterion looks at the aspects that can be enacted to ensure the bestmedics are retained in the hospital. The ability of a givenhealthcare organization to provide quality care to the patientsdepends on the nature of skilled personnel they have. An organizationendowed with the most skilled workers will be in a better position toprovide the best care to the patients. Through the same, it would bepossible to attain safe and quality care to the patients.

ItemCommentary

Finally, it is vital to ensure that their harmonization in the entireorganization’s management system. The process is essential in theimplementation of the factors identified. For example, about theaspect of patient care, item commentary can be adopted to help in theharmonization and integration of all factors aimed at the attainmentof the best patient care.

TheBaldrige Criteria 101

Knowing how to get started is the real problem when it comes toimplementing a plan. The three most important steps for anorganization that wants to use the Baldrige Criteria are defining thegroup’s mission, vision, and its values. The mission describes whatexactly the organization does. The vision describes what theorganization wants to become. The values of an institution define itsorganizational culture and how it adapts to change (BaldrigePerformance Excellence Program, 2015).

Conclusion

Overall, quality care improvement remains to be of fundamentalsignificance when it comes to the realization of the best patientoutcomes. Healthcare systems that adopt safe and quality care are ina better position to attain such goals. Because of the same, it isvital for the hospital to ensure that they enact mechanisms thatwould be instrumental in helping achieve the best patient outcomes.Notably, factors such as technology, effective communication, and theBaldrige Performance Excellence Program will play a decisive role inthe attainment of such goals.

References

BaldrigePerformance Excellence Program (August 31, 2016). How the BaldrigeProgram Supports Manufacturing Day 2016. 3 Nov. 2016

https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2016/08/how-baldrige-program-supports- manufacturing-day-2016

Jadad, A. R., Haynes, R. B., Hunt, D., &amp Browman, G. P. (2000).The Internet and evidence-based decision-making: A needed synergy forefficient knowledge management in health care. Canadian MedicalAssociation Journal, 162 (3), 362-365.

Liberatore, M. J., &amp Nydick, R. L. (2008). The analytic hierarchyprocess in medical and health care decision making: A literaturereview. European Journal of Operational Research, 189(1),194-207.

Lluch, M. (2011). Healthcare professionals’ organizational barriersto health information technologies: A literature review.International Journal of Medical Informatics, 80 (12),849-862.

Manser, T. (2009). Teamwork and patient safety in dynamic domains ofhealthcare: A review of the literature. Acta AnaesthesiologicaScandinavica, 53 (2), 143-151.

Ryan, M., Scott, D. A., Reeves, C., Bate, A., Van Teijlingen, E. R.,Russell, E. M., &amp Robb, C. M. (2001). Eliciting publicpreferences for healthcare: A systematic review of techniques. HealthTechnology Assessment, 5 (5), 1-186.

AmericanHistory

Fictionand non-fiction books are significant aspects of learning history.Mostly, this is because fiction comprises of science, imagination, aswell as mysteries, and a part of history is based on these threeaspects. Additionally, non-fiction refers to explaining the history,basing on the facts, and substantial literature to prove it. In mostcases, fiction represents history centered on past events and visualart. Also, in illustrating history, fiction pays attention to thepast, social condition, conducts, and other particulars of the perioddepicted. Besides, the fictional setting also explores ondistinguished historical figures, hence allowing the students orreaders to comprehend history better. On the other hand, non-fictionsetting portrays history based on facts or accuracy of eventsusually, in the form of a story. In non-fiction, history is explainedin both subjectively and objectively manner, whereby it emphasizes onreligious beliefs as well as traditional information and events. Indetails, this paper focuses on teaching American history based onboth fiction books The Pox Party, Roots, and Battle lines as well asnon-fiction or historical sources, such as Jackson biography, CoveredWagon Women, and Foner textbook. Likewise, it will indicate thestrength and weakness of each material on a historical perspective.

ThePox Party theAstonishing Life of Octavian Nothing,is an American fictional history book for young adults featured withrich linguistic and ideas, incredibly original, as well asintelligently complex. Due to its originality, it has received acouple of awards one of them being National Book Awards for YoungPeople’s Literature. Notably, one of the strengths of ThePox Partby Matthew Tobin Anderson is the fact that it is based on fiction,hence enabling students to understand history. The book is designedas a story with great and exciting ideas about history. It alsocontains a perverse sense of humor, which has had a corrosive effecton the average human ability to behave ethically. However, thedisturbing part of the book is that it portrays the chaotic conflictof the American Revolution, which might be too intense for readers.Evidently, this is seen when the author illustrates Octavian’s lifethrough slavery and subjection to the grand experiment.

Rootis a classic film based on Alex Haley’s novel of 1976 and itregularly airs on the History Channel. The primary strength of themovie is that it portrays African American slavery through the sagaof a Black family, which was living in America. This is seen as Koroscaptures Kunta and trades him for two crates of guns with the Kantefamily, which were whites. Also, the film shows how the slaves weresubjected to poor working conditions in the farm of the whites. Forinstance, in the series Roots,Kunta is transported to the Colony of Virginia and sold to JohnWaller, who owns a tobacco plantation. Kunta is then forced to workon the plantation as a slave with no pay. However, the movie onlyconcentrates on the negative side only the wrong doing of the whitestowards the African American. It does not represent how the blackseventually got their freedom and what they gained from the whitesthrough their colonization.

Likewise,Battlelinesis a non-fiction history book on civil war. Partly, the book isautobiographical where it discusses Tony Abbott life and experienceas a Prime Minister of Australia in the Liberal Party. The book waspublished after the defeat of Howard Government, which was in 2007,before his election as a leader of opposition in the AustralianParliament. Apart from explaining Abbott’s life as a PrimeMinister, his opposition in the parliament, and civil war, the bookserves as an insider`s critique of Howard Government and a platformfor the future course of the Liberal Party, which goes intoopposition after eleven years in office. Nonetheless, the book hasreceived a positive review from scholars and the Australiannewspaper, whereby they term it as “read almost universally.”Conversely, other reviewers, such as Professor Robert Manne ofpolitics have highlighted several weaknesses concerning the book. Hepoints out that the book is a self-contradiction and brand it as a“hallelujah chorus in praise of his former leader” and this case,is Abbott’s life as a Prime Minister.

AndrewJackson’s biography is a book based on the seventh president of theUnited States history. The book has been termed as an impressive andvibrant form of literature, which is far from being boorishfrontiersman or backwoods dance. It expresses the forceful andvigorous personality of Jackson, which has been seen through hisreign. Remarkably, historians have ranked this book as one of the topquartiles of them all, since it has been recorded to occupy thehighest online review.

Apartfrom describing Jackson’s childhood and upbringing, experience, aswell as his life as a judge, the book illustrates the General US Armyduring the Andrew Jackson sovereignty and the hardship encountered inthe military. Nevertheless, the book has been noted to be classicaland not a biography. Besides, it has been distinguished as densebecause it focuses on discussing Jackson’s democracy and theadvancement of classical liberalism. Also, one of the primaryweakness of the book is that it portrays Jackson as a cosmic forcefor impartiality and justice, rather than a flesh-and-bone man, whoruled the United States for two terms.

“CoveredWagon Women” is a book transcribed by Kenneth L. Holmes about anassortment of letters and diaries written by who traveled to the WestAmerica during 1840 and 1903. Through this book, we get to learn thestruggle these women encountered on their journey to West America viathe desert, mountains, across rivers and graves. The book is afictional history whose story is based on survival imagination ofthese women. However, Covered Wagon Women rely on only six letters,thus raising concerns. The weakness of the books is that it does nothighlight why Kenneth, the author, decided to use only six letters bythese women, and which criteria he used in choosing them.

Lastly,Foner textbook is an assortment of history books. One of his best is“GiveMe Liberty,”which illustrates American history. All of Foner textbook presentsthe theme of freedom. Although, it partly features American religionas well as politics. The strengths of Foner textbook is that itportrays his trademark as a teacher, writer, and historian scholar,hence making his books suitable for learning history. Foner is knownas a specialist in a civil war because he was a teacher at ColumbianUniversity during the 19^thcentury. However, Foner textbook weakness is that it is much of acliché rather than reality.

Inconclusion, both fiction and non-fiction books have proven to betremendous in helping the student understand history better. Mainly,fiction historical sources, such as The Pox Party, Roots, and Battlelines as well as non-fiction ones like Jackson biography, CoveredWagon Women, and Foner textbook.

Cost

Duedate

Aneffective marketing strategy should be effective to reduce thecompany`s production costs and encourage the target consumers toconsider purchasing the barns. Digital marketing is one of the mostcost effective distribution channels that Pepsi Company isconsidering to employ while delivering its products. According toBailey (2014), digital marketing entails promoting brands by use ofthe electronic media and uses channels that allow firms to analyzetheir marketing campaigns to improve productivity critically.

Someof the channels that associate with digital marketing includeblogging, video streams, electronic billboards, podcasts, directemails, the web and mobile phone messaging. By securing an internetconnection, the potential customers can access information regardingPepsi Company anytime and anyhow they want it. The internet hasbecome the most powerful digital marketing medium (Bailey, 2014). Itis very cheap to access the internet for instance in cyber cafes andby use of personalized computer and mobile phones, and thus dataaccess regarding Pepsi Company is made easy and convenient for alltype of customers.

Useof third parties involves employing intermediaries such as theretailers and the wholesalers to advertise your brand to thepotential buyers. Use of third parties is a form of indirectmarketing channels, and their aim is to make more profits in the formof commissions. The third parties, therefore, end up setting highmarket prices which make it hard for the buyers to afford the brandand thus makes the channel cost prohibitive (Bailey, 2014).

Bailey(2014) argues that it is the customer’s tastes and preferences thatdetermine the distribution channel that Pepsi Company will adopt. Forinstance, if the customer requires goods for industrial use, then theuse of third parties to advertise the products is the most suitabledistribution channel. In case the customer prefers getting theinformation online then Pepsi Company should employ digital marketingas its distribution channel.

Reference

Bailey,S. (2014). PepsiCo’s three-channel distribution network – MarketRealist. Marketrealist.com. Retrieved 17 October 2016, fromhttp://marketrealist.com/2014/12/pepsicos-three-channel-distribution-network/

MajorChannels

Duedate

In therecent past, Pepsi Company has seen a decline in demand for itscarbonated drinks due to nutrition selection. Regarding this problem,the company conducted research on viable solutions, and the mostoptimal resolution was to partially or entirely shift to productionof non-sweetened drinks. The firm is expected to build a strongsystem of distribution channels that will enable it to satisfactorilymake its new products available to the diverse customer segment base.The main passages include customer warehouses, third-party channels,and e-marketing among others. These distribution networks will beemployed depending on the client attributes, product characteristicsand trade policies (Bailey, 2014). Each of these avenues has theirbenefits and challenges.

Customerwarehouses are the most appropriate channels to reach consumers sincethey are the cheapest distribution networks and are ideal forperishable and less friable goods. They will enable the customers toobtain products at a very low price because they eliminate aconsiderable number of intermediaries between PepsiCo and the market.However, this channel focuses on dealing with products that havelittle turnover and are not bought impulsively.

Sometimes,it is not possible for PepsiCo to reach its entire market on its own.In that case, the company will take advantage of third-partydistributors. One advantage with vending distributors is that theywill aid the company with advertising its products. Nonetheless,third-parties may be disadvantageous in cases where they overchargeconsumers without the company`s consent which might scare awaycustomers.

Over thepast years, digital marketing has been greatly employed to advertiseand sell products mainly over the internet. It is the fastest andeasiest way to reach a vast geographical region and over a shortduration of time. Sales personnel will be able to track clients fromfirst interaction and throughout the entire process of merchandisingusing this medium. Communication between the buyer and the companyhas been made easy through e-marketing, and the client can getimmediate updates regarding the delivery system or any expecteddelays. However, this method is only limited to customers who haveaccess to the internet.

Reference

Bailey, S.(2014). PepsiCo’sthree-channel distribution network – Market Realist.Marketrealist.com. Retrieved17 October 2016, fromhttp://marketrealist.com/2014/12/pepsicos-three-channel-distribution-network/

Student’s Last Name 1

Subject

DDMonth YYYY

English99 Self-Reflection

Oneof my greatest achievements during this academic period has been theopportunity to undertake the English 99 classes successfully. Throughsuch, I have been able to gain different experiences in the Englishlanguage including my readings skills, analytical skills, a generalcritique of literature pieces, writing skills, and in the competitionof various assignments. Compared to before, I am better off inEnglish and literature works due to the teachings and the correctionsthat I have received from my instructors concerning differentassignments. By reflecting on the whole study period, it is evidentthat I have gained immensely through the English 99 unit.

Ihave been able to learn a lot regarding writing and integratingvarious aspects in my writing to produce better papers. Through thecourse, I have learned how to create satisfactory work especiallythat which has been well cited and has proper in-text citations. Ilearned how to use the MLA format in writing academic papers. I alsolearned how to proofread a paper to ensure that it has a negligibleamount of errors. This especially was gained through corrections frommy instructors, which I was keen to follow and have grown as therecent papers have been having petite issues concerning grammaticalcorrectness. The writing it also helped a lot in the development ofuseful vocabulary when tackling different works of literature. Ilearned how to place words depending on the on the type of writingassignments that I was supposed to undertake, for example, the wordsused in analytical essays were different from those used in answeringquestions in poetry. I also learned of intellectual ethics whilewriting essays or any academic work. The experience gained from thecourse as a result of the instructor’s feedback, and comments mademe know how to avoid plagiarism and other intellectual illegalities.I never used to put much emphasis on the citation process of directquotes from books or other materials.

Thecourse also helped me to make different choices, which have turnedout to be helpful in my life. During the period that I have beenundertaking the course, I have had the opportunity to choose betweendifferent assignments and also to make stands on some argument anddevelop claims that would support my decisions. I made such choicesbased on my understanding of the topic and the general outline of thequestions. I was also able to conduct a critical analysis of thequestions before I could decide to work on one and this has affectedme in a positive manner as I have been able to perform quite betteron the issues that I chose to tackle. I also learned a lot from thepoems and novels that I wrote about, including the styles used indeveloping various themes and some of the lessons that the themescould relate.

Thewhole learning process was also marked by different responses to theclass texts. These responses were very helpful in the sense that theyacted as a guide to achieving even better points in the textsassigned to me in the later periods of the course. I also learned alot from other people in my class based on how they approacheddifferent questions, how they developed arguments, and the generalappearance of their work. I learned how to effectively integrate athesis statement and develop topic sentences that helped in creatinga flow of ideas in the essays that I handled during the semester.

Theassignments throughout the course are or great importance both to mycurrent state and to my future. The analytical processes that I haveundertaken in some of the essays will be useful in the futureanalysis of texts. It will also enable me to interpret differentliterature materials and develop meaning from them or offer critiquesto some of the work. The skills will also be useful in my higherlevels of education as I aspire to advance in knowledge. Thecommunication between the instructor and me also gave me greaterinterpretation skills as I learned how to interpret the comments ondifferent papers and produce exactly what the instructor needed.Additionally, I gained proper competencies in the development andsupport of arguments. Some of the papers required us to take a sideon a claim from a theme in the novel or from what an author seemed toportray. We were also asked to support our stand and give importantreasons of why we chose to have such stands it is through theargumentative approaches that I knew how to support my claims andthink critically. Such will be of great help in future when I findmyself in a debate or when supporting my aptness during a jobinterview. English 99 was also excellent in helping me develop betterskills in using different punctuation marks. Such will be helpful infuture when I am writing various texts such as cover letters,resumes, and emails that require thorough keenness and decent writingabilities.

Toconclude, the course has been resourceful to my life, as I havegained immense knowledge and skills on different aspects. It is dueto the course that I have significantly improved my writing skillsand abilities. It is also through the course that I have developedbetter argumentation and interpretation skills. The skills gainedwill be of significant purpose both in my present and futureactivities.

Costsof Illegal Immigration in the United States

Costsof Illegal Immigration in the United States

Movementof individuals to a country resulting to disrespect of the country’simmigration statutes and laws is called illegal immigration. Therehas been increasing disparities in income distribution between thedeveloping and the developed countries. Because of the differences,illegal immigration has become prevalent and is causing controversyamong the developed countries resulting to raising legal, politicaland social issues. There are various reasons that encourage illegalimmigration including reunification of the families and economicnecessities for war. Ngai(2014) states thatlifestyle and income disparities between countries support movementof people from the poorer nations to the developed countries withpromising life. United States has been suffering from excessiveimmigration of individuals where most of the immigrants enterillegally contributing to the development, economic and politicalchallenges to the American residents (Aas,2013). Illegal immigrationhas the potential of causing stress to the financial superstructurein the country. Illegal immigration in the United States of Americahas continued increasing with people from other countries illegallyentering the country and extending their stay even after expiry oftheir document. The increasing population of illegal immigrants inthe United States has adversely affected the economic development inthe country.

Costsof Illegal Immigration into the United States

Illegal immigration has variousadverse effects on the elaboration of the country. Immigration hasbeen causing population increase, therefore, causing pressure in thelabor market. The Native Americans are forced to accept low wages orquit working because the illegal immigrants provide little work tothe companies in the country. Research by Chassamboulliand Palivos (2014)indicates that under-documented workers in the country have reducedthe wage rates of the country. Illegal immigration has increased theconsumption of goods and services in the country. The consumption ofthe goods and services has been boosting the growth of the economywhile at the same time increasing economic distress (Kim,Carvalho, Davis &amp Mullins, 2011).In 2007, the budget office of the country reviewed the effects thatunauthorized individuals have in both the states and nationalgovernment. The agency concluded that illegal immigrants haveunderpinning consequences for the economy of the country (Dustmann&amp Frattini, 2014).Goldring and Landolt(2011), postulate thatillegal immigrants in the country increase the costs of both localand state governments for providing the services.

Expenditures incurred for theprovision of the services could be applied to creating additionaljobs that can encourage economic development. According to Dustmannand Frattini (2014) thefinancial and other types of resources that the government uses intaking care for the immigrants affects the quality and the value ofservices that the country provides to the native Americans and otherindividuals living in the country legally. The amount that the statecollects from the illegal immigrants in most cases is small than theamount spent in providing services to them.

Immigrationincreases the population pressure of a country. Immigration in theUnited States has grown population pressure resulting in fightingwith an aim of acquiring the resources in the country. Illegalimmigrants have been participating in the exploitation of theavailable resources of the country and have contributed to unrestamong the immigrants and the Native Americans. The fight againstimmigration has not been successful because of lack of union amongthe country leaders on ways of eradicating immigration in thecountry. There have been increased criminal activities in the countrymost of which are attributed to illegal aliens in the country.Hollifield, Martin, andOrrenius (2014) postulatethat the social and economic consequences coming because of illegalimmigration have continued staggering. Illegal aliens have increasedthe cost to the taxpayers to be able to meet the increasing demandfor the medical services in the country. Most of the hospitals acrossthe states have continued facing bankruptcy, and some of them forcedto close down because of the mandated programs by the federalgovernment that are calling for emergency services to the illegalaliens. Muste (2013)perceptively states that immigration in the country causes a drain onthe economy where the corporate interests take advantage of the cheaplabor neglecting the Native Americans that qualify in performingcertain tasks in the country while the taxpayers in the state have topay the infrastructural costs.

The economic costs occurringbecause of immigration ranges between $11 and $22 billion the localand state governments cater every year and most of the expenses. Theimmigrants contribute only a small percentage of the total taxes inthe country. Most of the illegal immigrants are less educated andtherefore receiving low wages. The amount of payment determines theamount that an individual can pay to the country through tax(Kim, Carvalho, Davis &amp Mullins, 2011).Although illegal immigrants to an extent make use of use of thewelfare, the costs associated with illegal immigration regardingcriminal justice, medical care and education services by the nationalgovernment has continued being significant.

Controllingthe costs of illegal immigration

Variousstrategies can help to control illegal immigrations. Controllingimmigration in the country can help in improving the economicperformance of the country. Among the strategies that the state cantake to control illegal immigration, include:

Deporting individuals who enterthe country illegally

Deporting illegal immigrantswould play a critical role in minimizing the taxpayers burden byensuring that only individual with the legal permission are in thecountry. Research by Triandafyllidouand Ambrosini (2011)indicate that the legal system of the United States has beeninadequate to achieve deportation of the unauthorized individuals inthe country. The state should invest in the removal mechanisms toregulate its population by returning illegal people in the nation totheir country of origin.

Fighting the state welfare

The country should continuefighting for the state aid to control immigration. There are two mainreasons why the enforced borders are efficient in the country and aresecurity and monitoring unauthorized individuals from benefiting fromthe resources available in the country. The country can sacrifice byeliminating away the state welfare to control immigration in thecountry and therefore illegal immigration. Security in the countrywill at all time call for secure borders.

Calling out the National Securityguard can help to control illegal immigration in the country.National Guard plays a significant role in regulating the entrance ofindividuals in the country. Calling out the guards can contribute tominimizing the entry of people by ensuring that only the rightpermitted people are entering the country. The guards would help inarresting people found in the country illegally.

Building the wall can also play acritical role in moderating the entrance of people in the country andoverseeing people approaching the state, therefore, necessitating theappropriate measures by the government in regulating the entry ofindividuals.

Conclusion

Illegalimmigration adversely affects the economy and performance of thecountry. The government faces challenges in controlling the entranceof people from other nations that has resulted in a high populationthat has been draining the economy. To control immigration, the stategovernment should work in collaboration with the local government toensure that only the legal permitted individuals are in the country.By so doing, the cost that comes because of illegal immigrationreduces.

References

Aas, K. F. (2013). Theborders of punishment: migration, citizenship, and social exclusion.Oxford University Press.

Chassamboulli, A., &amp Palivos,T. (2014). A Search‐EquilibriumApproach to the Effects of Immigration on Labor Market Outcomes.International EconomicReview, 55(1),111-129.

Dustmann, C., &amp Frattini, T.(2014). The fiscal effects of immigration to the UK. Theeconomic journal,124(580),F593-F643.

Goldring, L., &amp Landolt, P.(2011). Caught in the work–citizenship matrix: The lasting effectsof precarious legal status on work for Toronto immigrants.Globalizations,8(3),325-341.

Hollifield, J., Martin, P., &ampOrrenius, P. (2014). Controllingimmigration: A global perspective.Stanford University Press.

Kim, S. H., Carvalho, J. P.,Davis, A. G., &amp Mullins, A. M. (2011). The view of the border:News framing of the definition, causes, and solutions to illegalimmigration. MassCommunication and Society,14(3),292-314.

Kim, S. H., Carvalho, J. P.,Davis, A. G., &amp Mullins, A. M. (2011). The view of the border:News framing of the definition, causes, and solutions to illegalimmigration. MassCommunication and Society,14(3),292-314.

Muste, C. P. (2013). The dynamicsof immigration opinion in the United States, 1992–2012. Publicopinion quarterly,77(1),398-416.

Ngai, M. M. (2014). Impossiblesubjects: Illegal aliens and the making of modern America.Princeton University Press.

Triandafyllidou, A., &ampAmbrosini, M. (2011). Irregular immigration control in Italy andGreece: Strong fencing and weak gate-keeping serving the labourmarket. Europeanjournal of migration and law,13(3),251-273.

ConceptualizingInconsumerability

InstitutionAffiliation

ABook Report on Tuck&amp Yang’s conception of Inconsumerability

EveTuck and Wayne Yang attempt to unearth the true meaning ofdecolonization in their book, Decolonizationis not a metaphor.The volume is a work of non-fiction and would interest anyone that isconcerned with understanding the real meaning of emancipation. Thetitle of the book settles in well with the overall theme that isrevealed in the publication. The reader develops a notion of themanner in which the nature of the decolonization process eludes thecorrect meaning of the term. Tuck &amp Yangconceptualize social justice within the subsistence of a settlercolonial state (Tuck&amp Yang, 2012, p. 28).The authors develop an account of how the third worlddecolonizations, the abolition of slavery, and critical pedagogiesare used to obscure the proper connotation of decolonization. Tuck&amp Yang usethese concepts to delineate the meaning of Inconsumerability.

Inconsumerabilityemerges in the context of decolonization within the third worldcountries, the abolition of slavery, and critical pedagogies. Tuck &ampYang advance the notion that studying the anti-colonial initiative ina global perspective disguises the true nature of decolonizationbecause issues such as the colonial context of the settlers areignored (Tuck&amp Yang, 2012, p. 29).Consequently, the realization of the events that unfold in the lessdeveloped nations is overlooked. In the same vein, the idea ofabolishing slavery involves expanding the land that the settlers ownby offering the prisoners or slaves a stake in the settler colonialstate (Tuck&amp Yang, 2012, p. 29).Thus, in the end, the Indigenous people are offered a smaller portionof what is rightfully theirs. Finally, the critical pedagogies placeemphasis on people`s understanding of land (Tuck&amp Yang, 2012, p. 30).For instance, different groups of individuals are associated with theareas that they live, as opposed to the histories that such regionsbring to the surface. Considering the ideas that have been advancedbeforehand, Tuck &amp Yang posit that Inconsumerability is therecognition of the reality that decolonization can only occur if achange in the current order of doing things is instituted. Thus, theauthors posit that land should be repatriated to the native tribes,slavery, and its modern forms should be abolished, and the imperialmetropole must be dismantled if the decolonization process must beaccurate.

Isuppose that this book is an excellent read for the person that isinterested in understanding the true meaning of decolonization. Tuck&amp Yang develop an accurate understanding of the obscurity thatsurrounds the concept of decolonization. My thinking is in line withthe opinions of these authors since independence should not beunderstood as the people of color taking the positions of the Whitesor switching places in the settler-colonial triad. Real emancipationcomes to the fore when a complete change in the colonial structure isput into effect. Additionally, the logically developed argument makesthe piece more authoritative. The authors begin by explaining whatthe discussion on Inconsumerability will be about. Afterward, theydiscuss how Inconsumerability comes to the surface through the threemovements. Finally, a fluid examination of the manner in which thecomplex nature of decolonization comes to the surface is developed.Also, the authors state a precise definition of the concept underdiscussion.

Iwould recommend this book to anyone who is interested inunderstanding the intricacies that are associated with thedecolonization process. Most publications ally decolonization withthe emancipation of the native groups in a region. This writing goesbeyond this definition it describes the decolonization process asone that involves the repatriation of land to the Natives, theabolition of slavery along with its contemporary manifestations, andthe dismantling of the imperial metropole. I believe that anyindividual that reads this book in an in-depth manner will developthe ability to come up with polished arguments regarding the currentstate of the third world nations.

References

Tuck,E. &amp Yang, K. (2012). Decolonization is not a metaphor, 1(1).

Improvingthe Performance and Competitiveness of the State Farm InsuranceCompany

Improvingthe Performance and Competitiveness of the State Farm InsuranceCompany

Ladiesand gentlemen, the management team, investors and suppliers of theState Farm Insurance Company, I am James Escobus, an associatebusiness consultant manager at Key Bank. I have been working as aconsultant manager at Key Bank for over 7 years. Besides, I have alsohad a keen interest in stock performance, and that has made me astore analyst — I have been a stock analyst for as long as I haveserved consultant manager. In my capacity as a stock analyst andconsultant, I have had a keen interest in the market performance ofState Farm insurance company, and I can confidently say it is hightime the firm should embrace certain strategic reforms to maintaincompetitiveness, growth, survival and productivity.

First,I wish to review the performance record of State Farm InsuranceCompany posted in 2015. As you know, the performance of the companywas not the best — the company’s profitability fell significantlyby as significant as 7 percent compared to 2014. The share pricesalso came down by 4 percent. The performance outcome does not stopthere — the company earned a negative media publicity for poorhuman resource management practices, which was cited to havetranslated to high employee turnover and low productivity. While itwould be premature to conclude that State Farm insurance Company’swoes to poor human resource management practices, the scenarionevertheless creates the allowance to attribute the challenges to theinability for the firm to make various strategic changes when theywere needed most. To a certain significant extent, the performanceoutcomes were reactions to external market forces and internal,organization issues, which would have been addressed using tacticalmanagement strategies (Hutt&amp Speh, 2014).

Ihave several suggestions to put forth about State Farm InsuranceCompany ahead of the close of the current financial year. Theseproposals can be broadly categorized into two: changing managementmodels, and striving to nurture innovativeness. The companyobjectives for the new year operations can, therefore, be stated as,“to improve the performance and competitiveness of the State FarmInsurance Company and enable it to regain its glory”. Before I turnto expounding on these two suggestions, I wish to first state that itis particularly possible for the company to renew its performance andreputation within just one year. Nothing is impossible!

Themanagement at State Farm Insurance Company has tended to focus onoperations, rather than the market efficiencies. In this regard,there is the need for the administration to embrace informed changemeasures to rise above this limitation. In particular, it will becritical for the management to adopt three measures: focus onincreasing the sales, seek internationalization, and practice vibrantmarketing. Successful marketing would be the kind that puts intoconsiderations the 4P elements of marketing mix, which touch onproduct, pricing, placement, and promotion. Increasing sales will goa long way in improving the profitability. Internationalization willenable the company to go beyond the borders and tap the opportunitiesthat accompany the globalization processes. The role ofinternationalization would increase the market share. Lastly, vibrantmarketing strategies will create the allowance to reach potentialcustomers and overcome the effects of competition that are being putup by the rivaling companies (Reid&amp Plank, 2014).

StateFarm Insurance Company has also been noted to be less innovative. Thecompany continues to lag behind its competitors in adoptingrevolutionary technologies, a process that has posed as a disserviceand paved the way for businesses that were less vibrant to edgecloser. Therefore, the company needs to embrace innovativeness.Indeed, innovation is critical to State Farm Insurance Company indifferent ways. In one way, for instance, innovations serve toincrease the efficiency of company’s service delivery processes,which are translated to competitive advantages. The derivativeefficiency could also be accompanied by reduced costs of production,making the company even more competitive. Different strategies canenable State Farm Insurance Company to increase the business’sinnovative capacity. First will be to train and develop employees.Training and development increase the knowledge, skills, andawareness about the areas of weaknesses, which makes them better towork and fulfill the organization goals. Secondly, organizationshould step up commitment towards business changes. In this case,commitment is seen in terms of leadership’s investment toinnovation, communication, and dedication to supporting theinnovative thinking through vision setting, recruitment, and rewardprocesses. Thirdly, State Farm insurance Company’s innovationcapacity could also be improved by nurturing creativity (Morris,Pitt &amp Honeycutt, 2013).

Ideally,the list of initiatives that State Farm Insurance Company couldundertake to bolster its innovativeness is endless. These effortscould include giving the employee the autonomy, defining the workroles, building trust, avoiding conflicts and nurturing openness,among others. Autonomy is particularly imperative because it enablesemployees to venture in developing different perspectives, withinwhich innovations arise. Other processes such as defining the workroles and building trust are also significant and are essentiallyaimed at creating an enabling environment to cultivate innovativeness(Anderson&amp Narus, 2014).It is worth noting that, to a certain degree, the course ofimplementing these changes can be demanding and may warrant specialattention to detail, collaboration, and embracing informed changemanagement strategies (Dwyer&amp Tanner, 2013).Nevertheless, it would still be important for the company to seekassistance for consulting companies to limit the chances of failure.

Inconclusion, ladies and gentlemen, the aim of this speech was topresent options for the State Farm Insurance Company to maintaincompetitiveness, growth, survival, and productivity. I have talkedabout the company in light of the acknowledgment that the companyperformance during the last financial year was poor. The company’sprofitability fell significantly by as significant as 7 percentcompared to 2014, while the share prices also came down by 4 percent.I have attributed this poor performance to the inability for thecompany to make various strategic changes when they were needed most.I have put forth several suggestions, which I broadly classified intotwo: changing management models, and striving to nurtureinnovativeness. Furthermore, I have suggested the need for themanagement to embrace informed change measure to rise above thislimitation. In particular, it will be critical for the management toadopt three measures: focus on increasing the sales, seekinternationalization, and practice vibrant marketing. I have alsosuggested that the company should embrace innovativeness because itcontinues to lag behind its competitors in adopting revolutionarytechnologies, a process that has posed as a disservice and paved theway for companies that were less vibrant to edge closer. Lastly, Ihave suggested that the course of implementing these changes can bedemanding and may warrant special attention, even justify the need toseek the services of business consultants. I believe these steps willenable the company to come back to track.

Thankyou.

References

Anderson,C. &amp Narus, A. (2014) BusinessMarket Management: Understanding, Creating, and Delivering Value,Pearson EducationInc.

Dwyer,F, &amp Tanner, F. (2013). BusinessMarketing: Connecting Strategy, Relationships, and Learning.McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Hutt,M., &amp Speh, T (2014). BusinessMarketing Management: A Strategic View of Industrial andOrganizational Markets.Thomson/South-Western.

Morris,M., Pitt, F. &amp Honeycutt, E. (2013) Business-to-BusinessMarketing: A Strategic Approach,Sage Publications Inc.

Reid,D. &amp Plank, E. (2014). Fundamentalsof Business Marketing Research.The Haworth Press, Inc.

ARGUMENTS AGAINST ABORTION 1

Argumentsagainst Abortion

Abortion has been a problem in the recent past since various groupshave been arguing whether it should be legislated or not. Some stateshave legalized the practice while have not. However, the problemarises from the fact that some people believe that it is the same asmurder. The supporters believe that the advancement of the medicinefield has even made abortion a safe procedure that might beundertaken without risking the life of a patient. Abortion has alsobeen associated with other health side effects such as infections,fever, and excessive bleeding too¹.Apart from that, the women might report cervical injury and theripping of the uterus that will undermine their risk of having achild in the future².Hence, there is the need to be cautious while dealing with theoperations and ensure that the women are not exposed to any danger.This essay will reveal why abortion should not be legalized since thewomen are supposed to adopt the healthy reproductive measures such asthe contraception.

Various scholars have addressed abortion and insisted that it is nota proper approach and the government need to suggest measures thatwill reduce the use of the practice. In this case, the authors revealhow the abortion is dangerous and might risk the lives of the womenin the future. For instance, the Norris et al. suggests that abortionis a practice that can be avoided if the women adopt the propercontraception approaches that most hospitals have adopted. Besidesthat, women that are raped might even seek prompt medical care thatwill make sure that they do not get pregnant or even the sexualinfections³.Hence, the scenario shows that the women can avoid the problems ifthey live responsibly. On the other hand, Saurette and Gordon arguethat abortion is evil and the women that engage in the practiceshould be regarded as murderers⁴.The two authors present some arguments from the philosophical and theBiblical perspective that asserts how abortion is evil.

Abortion is inappropriate, and the government together with thesociety needs to make proper changes that will reject it from beinglegal. In this case, allowing the practice means that the women willabort their babies based on flimsy reasons without facing anypunishment. For instance, any woman that will feel like she cannothandle the pressure of providing for the child and they might useabortion as the only solution. These women should understand thatadoption is a viable alternative that can help the baby find a betterfamily. Hence, the woman can still find a family that will supportand cherish the child since more than 1.5 million people want toadopt⁵.Unfortunately, some of the women even use abortion as a form ofcontraception, which is ethically wrong. Furthermore, the practiceallows some of the women to lack proper control of their bodies. Forinstance, they have ignored personal responsibility since they do notuse contraception or abstinence and keep engaging in reckless sexualactivities⁶.As a result, abolishing abortion will force most of these women tohave control over their lives and choose healthy lifestyles as well.Hence, most of these women are supposed to adopt safer reproductiveapproaches rather than living irresponsibly.

In conclusion, abortion should not be allowed since some women haveignored the contraception methods and they rely on the practice toget rid of the unwanted babies. In particular, the use of condoms andfamily planning pills are a proper way of reducing the likelihood ofgetting pregnant as opposed to using abortion.

Bibliography

Bartkowski, John P., Aida I. Ramos‐Wada,Chris G. Ellison, and Gabriel A. Acevedo. &quotFaith,Race‐Ethnicity, and PublicPolicy Preferences: Religious Schemas and Abortion Attitudes Among USLatinos.&quot Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion51, no. 2 (2012): 343-358.

Greenhouse, Linda, and Reva Siegel. &quotBefore Roe v. Wade: Voicesthat Shaped the Abortion Debate before the Supreme Court`s Ruling.&quotYale Law School, Public Law Working Paper 257 (2012).

Norris, Alison, Danielle Bessett, Julia R. Steinberg, Megan L.Kavanaugh, Silvia De Zordo, and Davida Becker. &quotAbortion stigma:a reconceptualization of constituents, causes, and consequences.&quotWomen`s Health Issues 21, no. 3 (2011): S49-S54.

Saurette, Paul, and Kelly Gordon. &quotArguing abortion: The newanti-abortion discourse in Canada.&quot Canadian Journal ofPolitical Science 46, no. 01 (2013): 157-185.

1^ Bartkowski, John P., Aida I. Ramos‐Wada, Chris G. Ellison, and Gabriel A. Acevedo. &quotFaith, Race‐Ethnicity, and Public Policy Preferences: Religious Schemas and Abortion Attitudes Among US Latinos.&quot Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 51, no. 2 (2012): 343-358.

2^ Ibid,. 1.

3^ Norris, Alison, Danielle Bessett, Julia R. Steinberg, Megan L. Kavanaugh, Silvia De Zordo, and Davida Becker. &quotAbortion stigma: a reconceptualization of constituents, causes, and consequences.&quot Women`s Health Issues 21, no. 3 (2011): S49-S54.

4^ Saurette, Paul, and Kelly Gordon. &quotArguing abortion: The new anti-abortion discourse in Canada.&quot Canadian Journal of Political Science 46, no. 01 (2013): 157-185.

5^ Greenhouse, Linda, and Reva Siegel. &quotBefore Roe v. Wade: Voices that Shaped the Abortion Debate before the Supreme Court`s Ruling.&quot Yale Law School, Public Law Working Paper 257 (2012).

6^ Ibid., 3.

Client’s surname 2

Analysisof the Three Works of Literature

Literature refers to the spoken as well as written material thatneeds the author to have the technical knowledge on a concept or evenapply creativity in improving the issues (Hermans, 26). In fact,literature has been used to address themes in the nation that talkabout the daily life. In the process, films, books, stories, and poemhave also criticized people and organizations that had engaged insome inappropriate activities. Hence, writing is a tool that informsthe society of the changes needed and it also raises awareness onvarious practices. This essay will look at three literature worksthat will evaluate the reality associated with the patriotism and thesoldiers in the war.

Patriotism is a concept that has been associated with the loyaltythat people have towards their nation. For instance, most countrieshave often associated the disloyalty with traitors and everyone willstrive to prove that they value the government and its people(Brewer, 127). Literature has also been used to address the conceptof patriotism where they have highlighted various issues that arisein such situations. In this case, the soldiers are the individualsthat are mostly associated with the patriotism since they risk theirlives as they fight for the nation. More important, the story TheThings They Carried by Tim O’Brien, the poem Dulce etDecorum Est that is written by Wilfred Owen’s and StevenSpielberg’s film known as Saving Private Ryan captures thetheme of patriotism in the nation. However, the creators portrayanother side of the issue where the soldiers are exposed to theterror, emotional turmoil, death and the injuries too. In fact, theauthors reveal that the soldiers end up facing multiple challenges,yet, the government has ignored them. In most cases, the wars aredeclared by the leaders that have other selfish agendas that thesoldiers do not understand. The three works of literature insist thatpatriotism is just a misguided ideology that makes soldiers serve thenation at the expense of their well-being. Hence, the creators exposethe reality that occurs in the war, and they warn others againstfollowing the assumption of patriotism blindly before they assess thetruth in such concepts.

Wilfred Owen’s poem Dulce et Decorum Est captures patriotismin an engaging way that enlightens the society of the things that thesoldiers undergo in foreign lands. In this case, the poem reveals theprocess of fighting for the nation is not more heroic as most peoplesuggest. In fact, Owen takes people into the war zone where they areable to understand the reality that is way different from the imagespainted back at home. More important, it also suggests that the frontis more deadly and the soldiers are forced to rely on othertechniques to fight. Some of the soldiers do not remember why theyare in the war since they are just working on the orders of theirleaders. Unfortunately, most of the soldiers are even promoting thenational glory at the expense of their youth. It seems like they areblinded by the inappropriate ideologies that do not consider theirlives as being important. In particular, Owen paints patriotism as aconcept that is misinterpreted since the soldiers end up facing adifficult time yet, the heroic image they have does not match theirexperience in the battle zone (Owen, lines 25-28). The leaders simplycherish the soldiers because of their participation in the war whilesome of them do not have a slight idea why they are fighting. Some ofthem are in the war since they want to earn an income and themilitary is the only place where they were accepted hence,patriotism might have less influence in their actions.

The poem represents the theme of patriotism quite perfectly, and itreveals the reasons that make it seem like a misguided concept. Itcaptures the pain and the suffering that the soldiers have to dealwith. Owen uses the poem to define some of the deformities that thesoldiers undergo while they are in the battle zone. Some of them areleft without legs, hands, eyes, and they still have to deal with theemotional turmoil (Owen, lines 7-8). More important, the poem definespatriotism clearly and shows that the soldiers tend to face adifficult time in the war zone since they have to deal with thevarious challenges such as death and injuries.

The poem also illustrates different versions of reality that insistson the pain and suffering that the soldiers undergo in the war zone.In this case, the civilians and leaders back at home tend to believethat the soldiers are experienced and have the skills to defeat theirenemies. Most of the civilians do not acknowledge the horror of thebattle since they are blinded by the honor associated with thesoldiers. At times, the trauma even affects the soldiers, and theyend up being unable to express how they feel about the entirearrangement. To some extent, Owen uses the poem to insist that honor,duty, and patriotism are just fallacious assumptions that areexaggerated. Hence, the terror of the war does not consider love,respect or even unity that might exist between the two sides.

The Things they Carried by Tim O’Brien presents a uniqueperspective on the theme of patriotism. In this case, the author usesa story of soldiers in a battle as an example that will reveal howthe argument works. In particular, the narration insists that thesoldiers undergo emotional turmoil, injuries, and fear while they arein the war. On the other hand, the society believes that they arecourageous people that have the required skills to defeat theenemies. In fact, most of the civilians even think that the soldiersare motivated by the ideologies of honor and patriotism yet, that isnot (O`brien, 56). O’Brien insists that the soldier does not onlycarry the physical but, also the emotional burdens that are caused bythe trauma and loneliness that they undergo while they are on thebattlefield. For instance, the terror, grief, and longing haveresulted in some of the soldiers living in loneliness. Unfortunately,they do not have support programs to support them while they are inthe war and that undermines their health. Instead, they want toprotect their reputation since back home they are regarded as heroesand the real patriots. However, they are serving their nation at theexpense of their health and the emotional wellbeing. Henry Dobbinseven goes to the war with his girlfriend’s pantyhose to get thecomfort that he will be missing during the entire period (O`brien,57). Besides that, it is also a sign of weakness to display any fearbased on the conditions in the war field. Hence, the author assertsthat patriotism is nothing like people imagine. These soldiersundergo various challenges in order to save them from the emotionalturmoil and need to keep a brave face even if the situation presentsotherwise.

More important, it is evident that the fear of being embarrassed isone of the things that motivate them to perform and not patriotism.It seems like the soldiers are focused on other issues that influencetheir decisions. For instance, the O’Brien goes to the war, and heis afraid that his family might look at him as a coward that is notready to fight. Hence, the expectations of the people back at homeare also crucial in the actions that most of these soldiers undertakewhile they are in the war zone (O`brien, 78). The uncertainty oftheir future often forces to head into the war, and they hope thateverything will work out. The fear of shame is also what encouragesmost of the soldiers to participate in the battle. This source isinstrumental in defining patriotism and how it applies to the life ofthe soldiers. It proves that other factors tend to influence theirdecision to fight and patriotism is not one of them. For instance,the Jimmy Cross goes to Vietnam because his friends have done so. Inthe process, he even risks the life of his friends and the othersoldiers in the army. The fear of shame is also an instrumentalfactor that motivates the soldiers to head into the war.

The movie Saving Private Ryan portrays the challenges that thesoldiers undergo. It also captures the death of the soldiers and theemotional burden that the family members have to undergo. In thiscase, the civilians often interpret the deaths as acts of patriotism,yet, families have lost people. For instance, the loss of the fivebrothers is clearly devastating, and the other soldiers wonder howtheir mother will take the news. In fact, Spielberg also seems likehe is warning the future generations against pledging their loyaltyto the nation in the name of patriotism. Instead, he wants them tounderstand that such misleading assumptions will not result inanything instrumental in their lives. Captain John Miller is acourageous leader, and he guides the other members as they makedecisions (Spielberg). However, he weeps for the Medic Wade while heis alone. The scenario reveals that the soldiers try to hide theirfeelings and portray the masculine image. More important, Spielbergillustrates how patriotism and the life of the soldiers are notenjoyable as most people make it seem like. The director insists thatthe soldiers are exposed to some severe consequences that they cannotavoid because of the setting. It is clear that the war questions theideals of patriotism since most of the soldiers do not see anythingthat is interesting since they are vulnerable to the dangers.

The movie also captures the moral struggle that the soldiers undergoas they try to survive the emotional torment as well as the brutalitythat they experience. It is evident that the soldiers end up having adifficult time while they are trying to survive the war that hasturned out to be a place where people die, and they are lonely. Infact, Spielberg also warns the youths against the ideology ofpatriotism since the media and the nation paints it as a veryappealing concept, yet, it is not. In this case, Private Jacksonbelieves that religion will keep him going, but, it seems like theloyalty to their nation has less to do with their presence in thebattlefield (Spielberg). It is clear that he has lost hope and heonly relies on luck that will determine his chances of survival. Heis terrified by the situation and he wishes that some of thecircumstances can change instead. In particular, the government oftenpraises the soldiers and acknowledges them for their patriotism. Inreality, the praise and the recognition do not match the horror andviolence that they experience in the different war zones. TimothyUpham is another soldier that was just a civilian, and he did notunderstand the extent of violence that they were exposed to(Spielberg). The violence reveals that he is a coward and terrifiedof the situation that seems to get out of hand as they are trying tofind alternative solutions.

In conclusion, the three works of literature reveal the realitybehind the concept of the patriotism and the anguish that thesoldiers undergo. In this case, the description shows that thegovernment will motivate the soldiers and insist that they are beingloyal to the nation. However, in reality, the battlefield captures adifferent story that is quite distinct from the beliefs that thecivilians have. For instance, the works show that people need totreasure their lives and they should not be blinded by the governmentideologies that aim at extending influence over other nations.Furthermore, any young people volunteering for the army should beready for the emotional turmoil that the battlefield presents.

Works Cited

Brewer, Susan A. Why America fights: Patriotism and war propagandafrom the Philippines to Iraq. Oxford University Press, 2011.

Hermans, Theo. The Manipulation of Literature (RoutledgeRevivals): Studies in Literary Translation. Routledge, 2014.

O`brien, Tim. Thethings they carried. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009.

Owen, Wilfred. Dulceet decorum est. ProQuest LLC, 2004.

Spielberg, Steven. “Saving Private Ryan.” YouTube.Uploaded by V. Allshouse, 12 Dec, 2016,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ci-6Uzw8tzQ