Day: April 2, 2020

Forumfor Mental Health

Forumfor Mental Health

The concept of mental health nursing has significantly had an impacton myself from the beginning of the course to now. Indeed, I havecome to realize Mental Health Nursing plays a fundamental role inenhancing the achievement of the best patient outcomes. Theacquisition of knowledge in the field is critical for the attainmentof the best patient outcomes considering the high degree of patientssuffering from the same.

I have changed my initial perception of mental health nursing.Initially, I thought of mental nursing as an area focused on caringfor individuals who were only psychotic. However, from the beginningof the course to this point, I have come to appreciate that MentalHealth Nursing holds a promise in the transformation of lives ofindividuals affected mentally. Secondly, I have come to understandthat Mental Health Nursing is essential in helping people regaintheir lives. Initially, I cared less regarding the state of thoseaffected by the condition, but that has since then changed.

The first way I would work with all types of patients is to ensure mypresence in their lives as they strive to get better. I would ensurethat I am there to support them through the challenging part of theirlife. The another way is to employ the evidence-based practice ofcare to help a patient regain health (Townsend, 2014). I will focuson ensuring that they get the medical support needed regardingmedication based on preexisting knowledge and enable them to recover.

The first thing is the virtue of patience. I have learned to exercisepatience when dealing with any patient regardless of their situation.Secondly, I will take with me the practice of commitment. I willcommit to ensuring that my patients get the best care possible.Finally, I have learned the need to be there for those in need of myhelp regardless of the situation affecting them.

Reference

Townsend, M. C. (2014). Psychiatric mental health nursing:Concepts of care in evidence-based

practice. FADavis.

StemCell Research: Scientific Debate vs. Ethical Debate

StemCell Research: Scientific Debate vs. Ethical Debate

Forseveral decades now, doctors have been using the stem cell therapywhen performing bone marrow transplants. There are various types ofstem cells: embryonic, amniotic, induced pluripotent, and adult stemcells. In 1998, doctors learned that it is possible to remove stemcells from the human embryo and this triggered both controversy andexcitement. The excitement was brought by the huge potential thisdiscovery would have in the treatment of the various human diseases.On the other hand, the controversy surrounding this discovery hasbeen the moral implications of destroying human embryos (Hyun,2011).This paper will discuss the scientific and ethical debates involvingthe stem cell research.

Withinthe scientific realm, there are several lingering questions. Forexample, scientists are concerned about the feasibility of stem cellsin the treatment of various conditions that have been plaguing thehuman race. At the moment, scientists believe that stem cells areundifferentiated, which means they are not committed to becoming anyspecific tissue. Consequently, researchers are considering promptingthe stem cells into becoming specific tissues such as the lung(Hyun, 2011).Currently, scientists are using embryonic stem cells from embryosproduced through in vitro fertilization, but not utilized for thesame purpose. Also, researchers are using pluripotent stem cellswithout destroying the human embryos. However, scientists areengaged in a heated debate over the effectiveness of the use ofalternative sources of pluripotent stem cells(Hyun, 2011).Additionally, there is a scientific debate over the safety andefficacy of stem cells in the treatment of the various humandiseases. For example, antilogous stem cells obtained from adiposetissues were injected intravitreally into the ears of individualssuffering from muscular degeneration. The treatment resulted in theworsening of the vision of three people while two people ended upbeing legally blind(Marks, et al., 2016).

Theethical debate on the issue of stem cells revolves around theargument that the use of human embryonic stem cells results in thedestruction of the fetus. This has raised issues such as, whatrestrictions should be placed on scientific studies using embryonicstem cells. The debate over stem cell also involves the ethicalquestion, at what point does life begin? Additionally, should humanbeings be allowed to destroy an embryo as a result of its ability tocure numerous ailments? Religion has shaped much of the debateinvolving the use of embryonic stem cells. Most Christians considerevery life sacred regardless of whether it involves an embryo or anadult person. As such, the opponents of embryonic stem cells arguethat life begins at conception. Besides, these people claim thathuman embryos have the same rights as the adult persons. Forinstance, they have the right not to be killed or exploited formedical reasons(Hyun, 2011).However, some religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam do notaccord a moral standing to a fetus during its early stages ofdevelopment. On the other hand, the proponents of the use of theembryonic stem cells argue that a human embryo is merely a clump ofcells which are not any different from other forms of tissues(Hyun, 2011).

Inconclusion, the use of stem cell technology dates back severaldecades ago. Scientists perceive the human embryonic stem cells ashaving the highest value in the treatment of the various diseasessince they are highly pluripotent, which means that they can developinto any type of tissue. However, in the scientific front,researchers are still grappling with the question of the feasibilityof the use of stem cells in the treatment of human diseases. On theother hand, in the ethical front, there are concerns that the use ofhuman embryonic stem cells will perpetrate the murder of embryos.This point of view is based on some religions such as Christianitythat view human life as beginning at conception. On the other hand,some religions such as Buddhism and Islam do not oppose the use ofhuman embryo since they do not accord moral standing to fetuses.

References

Hyun,I. (2011). The bioethics of stem cell research and therapy.&nbspTheJournal of clinical investigation,&nbsp120(1),71-75.

Marks,P. W., Witten, C. M., &amp Califf, R. M. (2016). Clarifyingstem-cell therapy’s benefits and risks.&nbspNewEngland Journal of Medicine3(1).

InformativeSpeech Script

Howmany of you consider themselves caffeine addicts? How much coffee doyou consume in a day? Do you drink one cup or more? What about thecaffeinated sodas? Caffeine has currently become pervasive in oursocieties, and after each and every year, we make out how differentstudies show its good and bad effects on humans health.

Today,I would like to give some of the realities or facts about caffeine aswell as its effects on our body organs. I cannot cause all of you toalter your consumption of coffee however, at least you will beappropriately informed about what you are placing in your body. Iwill also address the positive or beneficial impacts of caffeine, theadverse effects, and finally the things to consider to be on thesafer level of caffeine consumption.

First,I will begin with its benefits. Caffeine which is obtained from theseeds, fruits, and leaves of about sixty-three different plants, iswell known as a stimulant. It can stimulate the hair growth on bothbalding women and men. According to Del Rio, Daniele, et al. Caffeinehelps in keeping people alert especially while driving. This can bevery beneficial to individuals who are driving long distances as wellas people who do tedious work to earn a living. Mentioning this as ahealth benefit might be stretching it, although remaining awake whendriving a vehicle can contribute to someone’s well-being.

Caffeineis also said by many medical doctors to contain certain antioxidants,which have the qualities of preventing cancer and aids those withasthma. A study published in the United States National Library ofMedicine showed that caffeine appears to open the airways and assistsasthmatics to breathe easily. A study also concluded that caffeinereduces the risk of kidney stone, for example, those persons whoconsumed caffeine from any given source had lesser kidney formationcompared to those individuals who did not consume the item.

Itis important for you to note that caffeine may also prevent weightgain, ringing in the ears in women, a condition known as tinnitus.Remarkably, caffeine consuming men have come to show an increasedvolume of semen and less DNA sperm fragmentation than thenon-consuming males (Del Rio, Daniele, et al., 2013). People whoconsume caffeine are likely to have a less risk of committingsuicide, and their risk of liver fibrosis also reduces.

Onthe other hand, adverse impacts of caffeine are significantlydependent on the amount someone consumes. When consumed in minusculequantity, for example, when you take one cup of soda or coffee,caffeine is likely to increase your heart rate (Hodgson et al.,2013). This may cause the consumer to urinate more causingdehydration and may prompt the digestive system to release more acid.

Accordingto Hodgson et al., 2013, massive amounts, caffeine may cause you tofeel restless, have a headache, nervous, and be unable to sleep. Again it can lead to hallucinations when consumed in largequantities. When greater amounts of caffeine are ingested over a longduration, for instance, over 650 mg per day, it can lead to sleepingmenace, digestion issues, and even depression. Having caffeine in adiet cannot be of any benefit to someone’s health, conversely bythe similar token, moderate or reasonable consumption is neverconsidered harmful or toxic to the body (Del Rio, Daniele, et al.,2013). It is said that having up to three ounces of coffee in a dayor about 255 mg of coffee is considered moderate or an averageconsumption. However, ten mugs a day is deemed to be an excessive use(Hodgson et al., 2013). Notably, the amount of coffee per cup mayvary significantly depending on the kind of beans used and forte ofthe brew. Most of the sodas with caffeine contain about 36 mg ofcaffeine per eight-ounces, meaning that you don’t have to worry orelse you are consuming several liters per day.

Thecaffeine found in coffee can interfere with the GABA metabolism.Gamma-aminobutyric acid is one of the neurotransmitters which areinvolved in the regulation of stress and mood levels. It should aswell have a soothing effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Anybody’smood and his or her digestive system are astoundingly interrelated.Inopportunely, when someone drinks too much coffee, the higher levelof caffeine in it may negatively affect the body. According toHodgson et al., 2013, the effect of caffeine on someone’s bodydepends on several factors such as body weight, mood, personalsensitivity to coffee, and someone’s general health.

Inconclusion, caffeine can have both negative and positive effects onthe health of the consumer and well-being. Nonetheless, the bottomline states that when you drink coffee in moderation, then you do nothave to worry about its adverse effects because you are safe. So thesubsequent time you are conjecturing whether or not you ought to havethe second cup of coffee so as to perk you up, you need to relaxbecause now you at least know the consequences. Otherwise, thank youvery much for paying attention and listening and may the Almighty Godbless you all.

WorksCited

DelRio, Daniele, et al. &quotDietary (poly) phenolics in human health:structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effectsagainst chronic diseases.&quot&nbspAntioxidants&amp redox signaling&nbsp18.14(2013): 1818-1892.

Hodgson,Adrian B., Rebecca K. Randell, and Asker E. Jeukendrup. &quotThemetabolic and performance effects of caffeine compared to coffeeduring endurance exercise.&quot&nbspPLoSOne&nbsp8.4(2013): e59561.

&quotDarkKnight&quot

Thefilm “Dark Knight” is directed by Christopher Nolan. It is acontinuation of the Batman series. In the film, Dent, the attorneyfor Gotham City, Batman, and Lieutenant Gordon had continued with thework of ensuring that the area was kept safe. They, therefore,ensured that no cases that would turn out to be detrimental and havea negative effect on the lives of the inhabitants of the city wouldhappen. They would ensure that every crime conducted in the city wasinvestigated and all the perpetrators brought to book. The activitieswould go on, almost smoothly, until a criminal known as joker came tothe scene. He would prove to be a real headache for Batman as he didhis level best to fight back. He, thereafter, would have to undergomany changes in terms of personal features in order to beat thesituation that he was in. The film incorporates several themes asshown in in the paper.

&nbspNolanattaches a new twist to the series as he relies more on the thrilleraspect more than comical part of the movie to draw in the interest ofthe audience. In the scene, 46:30-47:01, he shows Batman visiting thehome of the Joker, whom he was investigating while passing throughsome dark alleys, where a homeless black man was residing. In such acase, the film was able to bring out the themes of class andethnicity. It indicates the kind of lives that black people in thecountry are exposed to. In spite of the scene depicted being shown ina movie, it is still a great representation of how the society is andthe struggles that some people normally go through as they attempt tofind a way in which they can survive in the area that they reside.

Thescene 46:30 all the way to 52:10 depicts the level of classdifferences that do exist. It shows a downtown neighborhood, mostlyinhabited by African-American people. One is able to deduce the kindof lives that they lead, basing on the quality of their houses, bothoutside and even within the rooms. The one room shown in the scene,where Batman entered was dark, disorganized and appeared to lack,‘life.’ It, therefore, paints a good picture of the kind ofperception that people would normally have regarding the AfricanAmerican community and as well, an almost factual assertion of howthere is a class divide that does exist between whites and blacks.The situation is well evident in that in scene 1:17:47-20:19, Batmanis seen visiting a neighborhood that is made up of mostly whiteswhile in the process of hunting Joker down. In the scenes, there is aclear show of the kind of lives that people in the said neighborhoodlead that is mostly characterized by nice houses that have a goodlandscape. The houses are also in the open and on well-demarcatedstreets.

Scene1:44:30-1:46:11 also goes ahead to indicate the views that peoplewould have against women and the kind of sexuality that they wouldattach to them. In the scene, attorney Dent is seen visiting aneighborhood where he would ask people questions regarding the Joker.A female prostitute would, therefore, be contacted, who would providescanty information regarding what she knew about the criminal. It,therefore, shows the kind of low life that women would experience inthe area as they are forced to venture into commercial sex work inorder to make ends meet. The film also goes ahead to depict the factthat men in the area would have less respect towards women as theyfelt that their only role was to enable them achieve some levels ofsatisfaction in life without having to play any role to also meet thevarious needs that the women also had.

Thefilm portrays the themes in an artistic manner. Throughout the movie,as shown in a selected scene such as 1:13:24-1:15:17, Gordon is shownto be quite resilient in his quest to ensure that there is a highlevel of peace and tranquility attained in the town. The scene beginswith a camera putting a focus on his face as he tries to establish away around a neighborhood where he was following up on members of acriminal gang. The entertainment in the film comes in where thevarious persons involved in maintaining peace in Gotham City achievetheir quest and, thereby, ensure that the number of criminals whoexist in the area are curtailed to a much smaller number.

Inconclusion, the different scenes shown in the film show a series ofevents that would go ahead to restore peace at Gotham. The themes ofracism, class and female sexuality are well outlined and clearly showthe issues that various people in society struggle with. The aspectof identity is quite huge in the lives of people and they, therefore,go a long way to safeguard it. The movie was enjoyable to watch andwould eagerly wish to look for other movies by Nolan.

Leadership and Organization Behavior

2.We read an article on changing organizational culture in Alexandria,Virginia, as part of our discussion of the symbolic frame. Looking atthat article through a broader lens, what strategies from each of thefour frames did you see City Manager Jim Hartmann use in trying tochange the city’s culture? Be sure to cover

1. what the strategies were

2. how they relate to the frames, and

3. how effective they might have been.

CityManager Jim Hartmann has brought transformation and culture change inAlexandria, Virginia. The manager implemented well thought out plansto bring change. Some of the strategies following the four framesinclude. The human resource frame was explored by the city manager bycreating a leadership team. The leadership team has been assignedresponsibility and is empowered to perform their task. This peopleoriented strategy worked for Alexandria. Jim Hartmann has alsoventured into the structured frame. In dealing with his challengingproblem that of changing the budget he came up with a managementinitiative aimed at obtaining results. He placed a new system whereeach element in the budget was reviewed against the results itprovided. The new system put in place by the city managers ensuredthat all investments the city makes are monitored assessed anddetermined whether to be continued. The value of each investment hasto be calculated and books of account put in order.

4.Transformational leadership theory and Bolman and Deal offer twoapproaches for making major organizational change. Drawing from thereadings and our discussion of both approaches, what strategy wouldyou recommend for pursuing organizational change? Why? To what extentand how does your strategy draw from each of the two approaches orboth?

Themanagement theories Transformational leadership theory and Bolmanand Deal theory both offer compelling reasoning. Transformationalleadership is ideal in a situation where the manager interactsregularly with the staff and encourages them. Bolman and Deal theoryhowever provide four frames in which a manager can structure his orher leadership style. I would borrow from both theories but recommendBolman and Deal theory of the two since it offers more options to theleadership. I would borrow from the two and create a mixed strategythat implements the good interaction and motivation found in thetransformational leadership. The strategy also implements the fourframes according to the specific situation.

6.“Soul, spirit, and faith are central to organizational leadership.”a. Discuss arguments in favor of this statement, using readings anddiscussions where applicable. b. Discuss arguments against thisstatement, using readings and discussions where applicable. c.Explain which side you find most convincing and why. (HINT: simplyrepeating the same argument discussed above is not a justification of“why” you find one side more convincing than the other.)

Organizationalleadership is a multifaceted process and includes elements such asSoul, spirit and faith. Some critics argue that Soul, spirit andfaith are the major elements in leadership as the leader`s soul andbeliefs will affect his decision making. Other critics however seethis argument as erroneous arguing that other factors determineleadership. I personally think that the argument that supports Soul,spirit and faith being central to leadership as more convincing. Ibelieve that a manager`s soul spirit and enthusiasm significantlydetermines his interaction with the staff and even his decisionmaking. The internal elements of a human being play a vital role inshaping the decisions made by the individual. Leaders in the orientalAsian parts of the world have different leadership skills compared tothose in the western parts of the world. The difference in leadershipstyle is because of difference in culture. Culture also includes thesoul, spirit and faith.

8.We devoted a week prior to the midterm exam to the topic of teamsfrom the perspective of the structural and human resources frames.What ideas from the second half of the semester (e.g., political andsymbolic frames, Vroom and Yetton, Moss and Sanchez, small-groupmeetings, etc.) might also be helpful—and how—in understandingand managing teams?

Management of teams is a complex task since many factors play a rolein the success or failure of a team. The symbolic frame of the theoryis important to team management. A team requires to have a vision,and motivation. The frame is about use of one thing to represent anentire whole. Team leaders have to motivate and inspire their teammembers to ensure maximum output. Another frame important to teammanagement is the political frame. The political frame is aboutcentering management on political realities and organization culture.The different members of a team make it a dynamic environment that issure to become political. Team managers must be able to makepolitical decisions.

SOCIAL MEDIA 5

Advantages and Disadvantages of Easily Obtainable Information

The ease with which information can be accessed in the modern worldhas been made possible by, among other factors, adoption of smartphones, iPads, iPhones, Tablets, among other hand-held gadgets andintensification in the use of social media. Social media makes thesharing of information to be instant. Easily obtainable informationhas both advantages and disadvantages.

One advantage of easily obtainable information has to do withexpediency. In comparison to such media as newspaper which requiresone to read through, or radio or T.V. or talking on the phone, socialmedia has made it convenient for users to instantly catch the latestnews wherever they are, as such news is instantly shared by`friends,` `followers,` and other connections on the social media.Information from social media makes it possible for one to multitask(Lule, 2012). One can even watch a video or a live football matchfrom a mobile phone, while at the same time, chatting withcolleagues.

One major disadvantage of easily obtainable information is thesensitivity of some information (Reed, Turner, Shih, &amp Corbett,2012). In some cases, one may be working, and then he sees an imageor message shared by everyone on social media that a certain familymember has died from a car accident. Such news is sensitive andshould neither be immediately nor easily availed to everyone at aninstant. As Lule (2012) puts it, some news should not be allowed to`move fast` or be easily availed to everyone.

Advantages and Disadvantages of

Social networking provides in the workplace has advantages anddisadvantages, depending on the platform type and the specialfeatures of the social network. The main advantage of social mediause in the workplace is the fact that it promotes products and can beused by a firm to make cost effective campaigns and to advancestrategies that can generate desired results (Reed et al., 2012).

Furthermore, social media can drive traffic to a company`s websiteand blog through links. As social media such as Facebook and Twitteris used by millions of people at any one time, it can increaseawareness about a company`s products much faster than traditionaladvertisement media. It is effective and cost-effective. Businessreputation can be improved within a short time. It also increases afirm`s opportunity to widen its business contacts. It facilitatesopen communication thus enhancing the discovery and delivery ofinformation (Reed et al., 2012). It also allows the organization`semployees to discuss ideas, ask questions, share links, and to postnews to their organization`s websites and blogs.

Social media has various disadvantages too. It could potentiallyexpose the organization`s system to hackers. Consequently, it becomespossible to commit fraud and to launch security threats such as spamand virus attacks. Data and identity theft in some organizations havebeen linked to the use of social media (Lule, 2012). There have beenreports of company staff falling prey to online scams that infiltratethe organization`s computer system and steal information. Use ofsocial media could also result in lost productivity as employees tendto use a significant part of their working hours updating profile,chatting, tweeting, among other non-work related online activities(Reed et al., 2012).

Moreover, the use of social media for marketing and advertisingpurposes tends to consume more time than expected. In the short run,this could be counterproductive. Another disadvantage has to do withthe potential injury to an organization`s reputation if theorganization does not get the correct online brand approach. Onlineblunders such as controversial tweets or Facebook posts by anemployee could injure the firm`s reputation. Still, some employeescan use social media platforms, either using their real names orpseudo accounts, to attack the organization`s reputation. It has alsobeen reported that if used inappropriately, social media canadversely affect the user`s mental and physical state particularlythrough the distortion of sleep patterns and inculcations of deepthoughts about events and news on such media (Funk, 2011).

How Knowing Advantages and Disadvantages Alters One`s Use of SocialMedia

Once one knows the advantages and disadvantages of using socialmedia, they become aware of how to stay safely online. For a businessperson, knowing how online followers and friends can positivelyimpact on the firm`s sales can encourage him to use such media as atool to boost sales. Company employees can also be aware of thedanger of online scams that can steal identity and data thus they canensure that all relevant security organizational policies are adheredto, and if not established, strong policies can be established toprevent online fraud. One can also get to regulate his use of socialmedia as it can have an adverse impact on his or her health. Thedisadvantage of online bullying can imply that one will be careful touse more private rather than public forums when online. For instance,one can decide which photos are to be viewed by the public and whichones can be viewed by specific people only.

References

Funk, T. (2011). Playbook for Business: Reaching YourOnline Community with Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and More.Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.

Lule, J. (2012). Exploring media and culture (1st ed.). SanFrancisco, CA: Flat World Knowledge, Inc.

Reed, J., Turner, J., Shih, C., &amp Corbett, R. (2012). SocialMedia 101: A Beginner’s Guide to Online Marketing (Collection).Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: FT Press.

Alternativesto incarceration

Alternativesto incarceration

TheUnited States prison population has been increasing over the recentpast to the extent that there are almost 1.5 million inmates on anygiven day (Peak, 2014). One of the major concerns with the prisons isovercrowding. The increased prison population in the United Stateshas been contributed by the high rates of moral decline in thecountry. The effectiveness of the criminal justice system has beenquestioned by various individuals, taxpayers, and organizations.Prisoners are locked behind bars to learn their lesson and preventothers from committing similar of other crimes. However, the systemseems to be ineffective in crime prevention and reduction. Does theincarceration of criminal offenders in the society help in crimedeterrence? The primary objective of incarceration is to put criminaloffenders away from the community and maintain safety. However,recent research studies indicate that incarceration of thenon-violent offender only makes them worse (Lambie &amp Randell,2013). The paper aims at establishing alternatives to incarcerationand why it is important to seek such measures. Further, it shedslight on the importance of punishments and imposition of sanctions inthe community.

Economicand historical reasons behind quest for alternatives to incarceratingoffenders

Numerousresearch studies advocate for alternatives to incarceration becausethe growing epidemic of moral decline cannot be solved by lockingcriminals in jail. The search for other measures to incarceration hasbeen facilitated by economic, social, and historic factors. Forinstance, due to the high number of prisoners, the federal governmentis forced to construct more prisons to create more space[ CITATION Rob11 l 1033 ].Nonetheless, the government uses colossal amounts of taxpayers’money to construct more prisons, but in vain. As a result, thegovernmentspends a lot of money to construct and maintain these prisons. On theother hand, alternatives to incarceration are cheap and will save thegovernment millions, prevent overcrowding, and help in rehabilitatingprisoners.

Secondly,incarcerating criminal offenders does not guarantee a change in theirsocial behaviors. On the contrary, detaining non-violent and pettycriminals in the same area with violent criminals tends to worsentheir behaviors as a result of social learning theory[ CITATION Lam13 l 1033 ].Therefore, instead of eliminating criminal offenders in the society,incarceration breeds more criminals. Once released from prison, theseindividuals go back to their normal criminal life.

Finally,alternatives to incarceration have proved to be an effectivemechanism for reducing recidivism and transforming prisoners intovaluable members of the society. For instance, various programsoffered in prison help inmates acquire skills and knowledge that canbe utilized in a productive manner in the society[ CITATION Rob11 l 1033 ].The federal government ought to initiate rehabilitation programs,vocational training, and therapy among prisoners as a way of changingtheir behaviors.

Alternativesto incarceration for juvenile

Thegovernment could opt and implement various programs alternative toincarceration that would restore good behavior among criminaloffenders and inculcate productive skills. Alternatives toincarcerations are vital for the inmates because they offervocational training, therapy, and necessary support.

Grouphomes

Juvenileoffenders require a unique environment with a home-like setting thatis appropriate for therapeutic purposes[ CITATION Rob11 l 1033 ].Group homes are alternative to incarceration and prove beneficial tojuvenile offenders as they learn myriad skills and gain anunderstanding of their mistakes. Additionally, group homes inculcatea sense of responsibility among the juvenile offenders to avoidrecidivism.

SpecializedFoster care

Juvenileoffenders sometimes require a specialized care where the specialneeds for respective juveniles are taken care of in an effectivemanner. Specialized foster care is a post-adjudication therapyprogram that focuses on providing support for young delinquencieswith severe behavioral and emotional problems. In this program,juveniles are keenly monitored and supervised to ensure positivebehavioral change.

Sheltercare

Ashelter care is a program that offers young delinquencies theopportunity to seek care for a short-term placement, typically 1-30days[ CITATION Pea14 l 1033 ].Troubled youth require extra supervision to address their problemsand ensure that they observe good social behaviors. This type ofresidential program helps the youth with emotional and behavioralproblems. Additionally, it provides shelter for homeless kids.

Societalsignificant and individual benefit of imposing sanctions orpunishments that do not involve removing his or her from theircommunity

Punishmentof criminal offenders is important because it deters crime thesociety by encouraging positive behavior. The rise in the prisonpopulation has been caused by poor methods of dealing with criminaloffenders. People deserve to be punished for their sins for them tolearn a lesson. Recidivism has become popular among inmates insociety because of the lack of appropriate criminal and justicemethods to deal with criminal offenders. On the other hand, theimposition of sanctions and punishment among criminal offenderseliminates bad behavior in the society.

Conclusion

Inconclusion, the federal government has increased its budget in aneffort to cater for prison constructions and maintenance.Nevertheless, the construction of more prisons and incarceratingindividuals does not solve the issue of crime in the country.Contrariwise, the imprisonment of non-violent and violent criminalsbreeds new worse behavior because of the social learning theory.Non-violent criminals will tend to imitate the behaviors of theviolent and dangerous criminals with the aim of fitting in theenvironment. Therefore, the federal government should consideralternative incarceration methods that will help the offenders andsociety, in general.

References

Lambie, I., &amp Randell, I. (2013). The impact of incarceration on juvenile offenders. Clinical Psychology Review, 33 (3), 448-459.

Peak, K. J. (2014). Introduction to Criminal Justice: Practice and Process. London: SAGE Publications.

Roberts, J. V., &amp Hough, M. (2011). Changing Attitudes to Punishment. New York: Routledge.

SkeletalSystem

InstitutionAffiliation

SkeletalSystem

Thehuman body is made up of a musculoskeletal system that aids with theprocess of stability support and movement. The general makeup iscomposed of cartilages, tendons, muscles, ligaments. Joints and theskeleton that bind body organs and tissues together. The skeleton isan important part in the provision of support and movement thisprocess. These bones on the human skeleton involve:

SKULL

Thehuman skull is formed from coming up of some bones. These bonesinclude:

FrontalBones

Isa bone that makes up the upper part of the eye socket front sectionof the skull

SphenoidBone

Thisis an unpaired bone which forms the base of the cranium just belowthe brains front part and behind the eye.

TemporalBone

Thisbone consists of four parts, and that is the mastoid, petrous,tympanic and the squamous and located in the context of the side ofthe human skull, therefore, enclosing the inner and middle ear.

OccipitalBone

Thisis a bone through which the spinal code passed and forms the backbase of the skull

ParietalBone

Thebone found in the upper back and central side of each side of theskull

EthmoidBone

Thisis the square-like shaped bone at the root of the nose

ZygomaticBone

Theseare the bone structure of the prominent part of the cheek locatedoutside the eye socket.

VERTEBRALCOLUMN

Theseare bones located on the spinal code and named according to theirorder of occurrences examples are

Cervicalvertebrae C1 – C7

Theseare seven bones making up the neck

Thoracicvertebrae T1 – T12

Theseare twelve bones located on the upper back and making up each ribpair

Lumbarvertebrae are L1 – L5

Theseare five bones making up the lower back

SacralVertebrae

Theseare five bones usually fused together to form the sacrum

CoccygealVertebrae

Theseare four bones fused to make the coccyx or tail bone

THORACICCAGE

Theseare joints and bones that help in the provision of support andmovement to human beings. The bones at these region involve:

Manubrium

Thesternum’s upper part attached to the cartilage connected to tworibs through the process of articulation of the clavicles.

Body

Thispart articulates with coastal of the second through the seventh ribs

XiphoidProcess

Acartilage which turns to bone at a person’s adulthood.

TheRibs

Theseare twelve pairs of curved bones which assist in giving the thoraciccavity its shape and protects parts such as the lungs.

ThoracicVertebrae

Itis a composition of each and every bone of the backbone to which therib is attached

PECTORALGIRDLE AND UPPER LIMB

Thissection is associated with the shoulders and the arms as a whole. Thebones associated are composed of:

Sternum

Acentral bone that articulates with the clavicles

Scapula

Theseare two flat triangle like shapes forming the back side of theshoulder

Clavicle

Eachof the two bones in the human body articulating the sternum and thescapula

Humerus

Abone on the upper part of the arm creating a joints on the elbow andshoulders

Radius

Itis referred to as the shorter of the two bones found on the humanforearm

Ulna

Thisis the longer bone among the two found on the human forearm

THEPELVIC GIRDLE AND LOWER LIMB

Theseare bodies that provide support to the lower side of the body. Thebones are composed of:

Ilium

Theseare the broad bones that form the upper part of each half’s of thepelvis

Ischium

Theseis the curved bone which forms the base of all pelvis half

Pubis

Eitherchoice of bone that forms two sides of the pelvis

PubicSymphysis

Thisis the middle line uniting the superior rami of the right and theleft pubic bones

Sacrum

Itis a rectangular shaped bone on the lower back that is formed fromfused vertebrae

BONESASSOCIATED WITH JOINTS

Thesebones include

Vertebrae

Provehelpful on some movement cartilaginous joints

Fumer

Thehead connects to joints, therefore, helping with movement

Throughall these bones the process of movement, support, and posture is wellmaintained therefore enabling the proper exciting of role andfunctions of the body system.

CurrentIssues Facing Organizations

CurrentIssues Facing Organizations

Accordingto Quinn et al. (2000), internal and external communication is verycrucial when it comes to the operation and smooth running ofbusinesses as well as protecting the organizational image. When it isnot conducted in the right way or using proper channels, significantissues may arise, thus affecting the operation of a business or evendestroying its image externally. The management should, therefore, bein control of the communication strategies in their companies.Essentially, poor communication is one of the significant challengesaffecting organizations today. Information in any institution shouldfollow the right channels to avoid unrests and confusions.

Firstof all, a poorly designed organizational structure may be one of theproblems leading to ineffective communication (Quinnet al., 2000).Thus, an institution should have a well-laid structure covering eventhe external environment for it to communicate properly in case anyprivate information leaks to the public. Additionally, culturaldifferences may be another major problem hindering effectivecommunication in any functional organization as it consists of peoplefrom diverse backgrounds or even customs. Therefore, these issuesamong others will be some of the key points, which will be discussedin this paper. First, it will introduce a particular organization andthe scandal which took place in it, and then address the problem itcaused in the enterprise. Moreover, the paper will recommend someeffective measures to be adopted to overcome such in the future aswell as the follow-up steps for an evolution of the proposedrecommendation.

Domino`sPizza Inc., which is headquartered at Domino Farms, is aninternational restaurant that majors in Pizza delivery in the UnitedStates. The company was established by Monaghan in 1960, and sincethen it has grown massively into one of the greatest pizza deliveryfranchises in the US. In 1983, it opened its first internationalstore in Winnipeg, Canada leading to massive profits (Young, 2015).Its growth enabled the establishment of many other branches all overthe world thus, by 2014 it had already expanded to 6,000 locationsinternationally in five continents. More importantly, this led to therolling out of mobile and online ordering sites. It also introducedthe Pizza Tracker, which is an online application that enables thecustomer to outlook the condition of their order.

Thecompany`s menu varies with every region in the US it serves both theItalian-American classics and other side dishes (Young,2015).However, Pizza is still the main food it majors in, and it is servedwith either a Coca-Cola or Pepsi carbonated drink. Its leadership ismade up of 11 executive vice presidents, a board of directors, andthe General Counsel. Its mission has always been to develop branchesall over the world and become the top Pizza manufacturing andsupplying company in the world.

Afew years back, Domino found itself in a great scandal: a viralemergency case. It occurred when some employees captured a videodisplaying a colleague sticking cheese on his nose and then placingit on a sandwich meant to be given to a customer (Young, 2015).Moreover, the individual was involved in other unsanitary practicesin the kitchen. The video was then uploaded to YouTube, therebyaffecting the company significantly. To make matters worse, the storyalso leaked to the social media causing great problems to theenterprise. The video immediately went viral, as a result, thecompany found itself in a massive crisis, which none had anticipated.The customers watched the video with disgust as they viewed theactions conducted in an environment, where high levels of hygieneshould be administered. Instead of cooling down the situation, thevice chairman in charge of communication completely went silent, thusgiving space to further attacks and outcries by their horrifiedcustomers who pointed out fingers at the company for refusing to takenecessary measures on the employee.

Inessence, it can be noted that the corporation lacks upward anddownward communication, whereby they should have developed a goodrelationship with their staff to avoid the reckless release ofdamaging information to the external environment (Young,2015).The active structure of effective communication in the organizationcould have saved its image from being ruined one whereby employeesshould take no action until they consult with the management. Inaddition, a downward communication strategy should be developed suchthat the employers meet with the employees, where they are remindedof what is required of them. Moreover, the management should createother forums, where they can easily interact with their employees tomake it easier for the communication to be conducted efficiently.Thus, this approach would help the employees to report any misconductin the workplace. The use of suggestion boxes should be adopted aswell as brief meetings within the organization

Insuch a scenario as that which the company found itself in, a goodplan should be put in place to curtail its effects (Klauss&amp Bass, 2015).First of all, the development of a loyal follow-up should beconducted before a crisis strikes. It means that any organizationshould have a social media presence to interact with the customerssuch that one can detect any unnecessary information leakage out offavor of the company. A social media group would be very crucial tofor the company always to maintain a good image in the platforms.Second, after such unintended information is leaked to the customers,the first response should be released unlike the Domino’s who onlyresponded internally instead of dealing with the issue of theexternal environment to counter the attacks and the cries from thecustomers. If they had immediately responded, for example, by stating&quotwe are conscious of the problem, we are solving it,“ it wouldhave reduced the impact of the crisis (Klauss&amp Bass, 2015, n.p).

Thethird measure it should have taken was to get online and talk to thecustomers apologetically mentioning that they are taking everynecessary action to correct the matter. On the other hand, themanagement should release an official statement concerning the matterthat took place in the organization, explaining the actual events andthe actions that have been adopted to avoid such a mistake in future.Furthermore, they should show by example how serious they are inhandling the matter. Thus, a response video by the CEO of the companyshould be released on the social media.

Ateam of ten individual should further be formed to be in charge ofthe communication department: its head would be the vice chairmanfollowed by the other junior supervisors. Each person would be givena responsibility to undertake in the organization. More specifically,the vice president should ensure that the committee members reportdirectly to him or her. The ten individuals would be divided acrossvarious sub-departments for instance, some will be moved to thesocial media communication agency whose function is to guard anycritical information of the company against leaking to the public.The committee would represent the organization in the social mediareporting to the team management directly. The second departmentwould be the internal communication unit whose function would beensuring the right communication media is adopted, such as mailing,suggestion boxes, and memos. It will be ensuring efficient flow ofinformation by organizing brief meetings between the management andthe employees. The section would act as a bridge between themanagement and the employees such that if individual employees arenot comfortable to report anything to the management, they wouldinteract with them and pass the information to them. The third wouldbe the communication supervisory department its work would bemonitoring the external and the internal communication unit to ensureit operates efficiently.

Ifthe Domino`s Pizza Company would have developed this strategy, itcould have stopped its image from being destroyed (Klauss&amp Bass, 2015).Such starts with effective communication inside the organization.Thus, this would have made the employees to refrain from posting thevideo since the brief meetings would have reminded them of what theyshould not do inside the organization and the benefits of protectingits image. Additionally, if such unhygienic behaviors inside thekitchen would have been reported and right measures employed toprevent them, then the crisis would have not occurred. Therefore,effective communication is very significant in any organization. Itis ideal to have proper communication channels in place right fromthe top management to the low-level workers. The administrationshould be attentive to every communication emanating from employees,be it unofficial, and take necessary measures.

Insummary, in case any damaging information leaks to the social media,any organization should have a representative in the system to takethe appropriate actions before it causes great harm, like in the caseof the Domino`s company (Klauss&amp Bass, 2015).Organizations should pay attention to the communication strategiessuch that every department is made to be in charge of the disclosurein the business both internal and external. Essentially, bigcompanies should not risk their image to the public due to ignoranceto an efficient communication network. Employers should possess thehuman skills to enable them to interact with the employees to allowthem to acquire information on their problems and, in turn, addressthem during meetings.

References

Young,C. (2015). ACase Study of Domino’s Pizza’s Crisis Communication Strategies.Ithaca College.

Klauss,R., &amp Bass, B. M. (2015). Interpersonalcommunication in organizations.New York, NY: Academic Press.

Quinn,R. E., O`Neill, R. M., &amp Clair, L. S. (2000). Pressingproblems in modern organizations (that keep us up at night):Transforming agendas for research and practice.New York, NY: American Management Association.

Student’s Last Name 1

Subject

ReflectionLetter for Portfolio 2

DearProfessor

Inmy English class, I have acquired different skills about writing.Before joining this class, I had a perception that writing is onlymeant for fulfilling assignment requirements. However, I have nowdiscovered that writing is an essential way of communication that issignificant in our lives, especially scholars. Therefore, I canconfidently say that the skills of writing have directly influencedmy status in my life as a student and my future as a businessprofessional. This same method that I use for writing will determinehow effectively I pass the information and ideas to my colleagueswithin the organization and presentation to various stakeholders ofmy future employer.

Ethnographicresearch was the first topic that was interesting during my studies.The primary objective of this paper was to find out the jobexperiences of individuals in different professions. I chose theservice industry, café business to be specific. Since businessmanagement is my dream course, I picked this nature of business sothat I could learn the impact of communication in the serviceindustry. It is evident that providing quality products is not theonly uniting determinant between buyers and sellers communication isalso a unifying factor.

Itook Group Gryffindor’s Literacy Scavenger Hunt as a valuablelesson towards understanding the whole concept of literacy. Thepaper’s primary focus was to analyze different concepts of literacyand how it has changed over time due to some factors such astechnological advancement and the need for information sharing. Thetopic was direct, and I did not spend time in consultations. Fromthis paper, I discovered that education is dynamic in nature and thatis why new disciplines and research are being developed each day tomeet the needs or to answer the questions of a given phenomenon.

Inthe multi-modal rhetorical construction project, I was to discoverthe role of using images in communication. This type of communicationis mostly found in the print media like newspapers to pass aparticular message to the readers. It can target, a political, socialor economical way of living of the audience. I learned that visualimages give finer details of the message being passed across,especially in a context where the language barrier is a fundamentalchallenge to proper communication. This concept, therefore, is usefulin the major sectors of the economy in the area of health where thereare different pictures and charts on the walls of the healthfacilities communicating different messages such as effects of acertain disease or how to respond to an emergency.

Theshort story project was my favorite of all the assignments in thiscourse. The primary goal of this project was to come up with a goodshort story using the acquired skills. I also practiced my skills oftracing a coherent thought pattern down to a suitable conclusion. Iimproved on other concepts of writing such as character study.Despite a few consultations on the appropriate title of my story, Ienjoyed the whole assignment since it was based on my experiences inthis institution.

Inpoetry, the aim of my assignment was to write a poem about mybackground, early life and how I have grown to become who I am today.I discovered that this task is not only about practicing poeticskills I have acquired, but also aboutmaking me reflect on my past. I have therefore learned skills thatcan enable me to analyze any poem. Through poetry, some of us writerscan be able to say what is in our minds without using a spoken word.

Ina different project with the title, ‘this I believe,` theassignment required me to come up with my suitable title that I coulddevelop a short essay. Since I chose on writing about freedom, Iexplored various aspects of freedom where people need to expresstheir feelings. I discovered that different regions have theirperception of liberty. Therefore, in a liberal country, citizens aresupposed to be free so long as they are within the laws of thenation. It was an interesting topic because I could have a clearcomparison of my home country and the United States.

Ialso gained writing skills on travel reports through a travelingexperience project that I wrote about touring Turkey. The paperexplored on different aspects of the country, its cities, culture andtheir way of trading. It, therefore, creates awareness in us thatTurkey is an excellent tourism destination. It was an interestingtopic since I found out a lot about that country.

Theprimary goal of learning is to acquire skills, therefore, in thiscourse, I have come across different skills that were challenging andexciting at the same time. While I found it hard to interpret someconcepts of poetry especially in the ancient poems due to changes inthe English language, I mostly enjoyed writing short stories.However, the problems I encountered in poetry made me learn moreabout the ancient literature of William Shakespeare and GeoffreyChaucer. I have also improved on character studies and description.The group discussion and class participation have also played a keyrole in the success of this course.

Therefore,through this course, I have become a better writer. Reflecting onyour first comments on my answer to the question you asked on how tocome up with a decent storyline while writing, I have gained a deeperinsight into what writing is all about. Up to this point, I believe Ideserve the best grade, an A.

Sincerely,